【摘要】：沉默權(quán)是指犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在刑事訴訟過程中對于來自官方的提問有拒絕回答或者完全保持沉默的權(quán)利，若其保持沉默或?qū)τ诰唧w問題拒絕回答，原則上不得從中作出對其不利的推論。沉默權(quán)有利于保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的訴訟主體地位，實(shí)現(xiàn)保障人權(quán)與懲罰犯罪的雙重目標(biāo)；有利于建立科學(xué)的刑事訴訟結(jié)構(gòu)模式，實(shí)現(xiàn)審判模式由職權(quán)主義向當(dāng)事人主義的跨越；有利于提高國際認(rèn)同，增強(qiáng)公眾對刑事法制的信心，促進(jìn)刑事訴訟程序良性運(yùn)作。 本文采用廣義經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析方法，，將非經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)注納入經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究視角，并利用數(shù)學(xué)模型和圖表，對沉默權(quán)進(jìn)行成本和收益分析。沉默權(quán)的成本分為三部分：一是必然增加的成本，由傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)意義上的成本與非傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)意義上的成本組成；二是必然減少的成本，主要是錯(cuò)誤成本與倫理成本；三是不會增加的成本，某些特殊的犯罪不會因?yàn)槌聊瑱?quán)的設(shè)立而使成本增加。沉默權(quán)的收益分為傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)意義上的收益和非傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)意義上的收益�；趯Τ聊瑱�(quán)的成本與收益之比較，沉默權(quán)制度具備基本的合理性，在我國值得確立和發(fā)展。 犯罪嫌疑人收益最大化可從定罪、量刑、犯罪嫌疑人風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好對沉默權(quán)的影響，三個(gè)方面加以分析；應(yīng)當(dāng)通過控制邊際成本與邊際收益均衡，采取相應(yīng)措施應(yīng)對信息嚴(yán)重的不對稱，以保證實(shí)現(xiàn)偵控機(jī)關(guān)的收益最大化。從犯罪嫌疑人和偵控機(jī)關(guān)兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行的最優(yōu)化分析表明：只有對沉默權(quán)進(jìn)行適度的限制，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)其收益的最大化。當(dāng)沉默權(quán)產(chǎn)生的邊際收益大于沉默權(quán)的邊際成本時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)充分保障嫌疑人、被告人的沉默權(quán)，平衡偵控方與嫌疑人的訴訟地位；當(dāng)沉默權(quán)產(chǎn)生的邊際收益小于沉默權(quán)的邊際成本時(shí)，應(yīng)逐漸增加對犯罪嫌疑人、被告人行使沉默權(quán)的限制；當(dāng)沉默權(quán)產(chǎn)生的邊際收益等于其邊際成本時(shí)，利潤最大化。
[Abstract]:The right to silence refers to the right of a criminal suspect or a defendant to refuse to answer or remain silent in the course of criminal proceedings against a question from an official. If it is silent or refuses to answer a specific question, it is not in principle possible to make a negative inference from it. The right to silence is beneficial to the protection of the criminal suspect and the defendant's legal status and the dual goal of guaranteeing the human rights and the punishment of the crime; it is beneficial to the establishment of a scientific criminal procedure structure mode, and the realization of the crossing of the trial mode from the power of competence to the party doctrine; and is beneficial to the improvement of international recognition. To enhance the public's confidence in the criminal legal system and to promote the benign operation of the criminal procedure. In this paper, by means of the general economic analysis method, the non-economic interest is included in the economic research perspective, and the mathematical model and the graph are used to carry out the cost and income distribution of the right to silence. The cost of the right to silence is divided into three parts: one is the inevitable increase of the cost, the cost in the meaning of the traditional economics and the cost of the non-traditional economic sense; the second is the inevitable cost, which is mainly the error cost and the ethical cost; and the third is not increased. The present, certain special crimes do not increase the cost due to the establishment of the right to silence The income of the right to silence is divided into the income from the traditional economic sense and the income from the non-traditional economic sense. On the basis of the comparison of the cost and the income of the right to silence, the right of silence has the basic rationality, and it is worth to establish and develop in our country. The maximization of the proceeds of the criminal suspect can be analyzed from three aspects, such as the conviction, the sentencing, the risk preference of the criminal suspect, the right to silence, the analysis of the three aspects, and the corresponding measures should be taken to deal with the serious information by controlling the marginal cost and the marginal income balance. Insymmetry to ensure the realization of the proceeds of the investigation and control agency The optimization analysis of the two aspects of the criminal suspect and the investigation and control agency shows that only the right to the right to silence can be limited only in order to realize the income. Maximizing. When the marginal income generated by the right to silence is greater than the marginal cost of the right to silence, the right of silence of the suspect and the defendant should be fully guaranteed, the litigation status of the investigation and control party and the suspect should be balanced, and when the marginal income generated by the right to silence is less than the marginal cost of the right to silence, At the time of the cost, the limitation of the right of silence to the criminal suspect and the defendant should be gradually increased; when the marginal income generated by the right to silence is equal to the marginal cost, the profit
【學(xué)位授予單位】：煙臺大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

1 宋英輝;不必自我歸罪原則與如實(shí)陳述義務(wù)[J];法學(xué)研究;1998年05期

2 趙磊;刑事沉默權(quán)制度的成本分析及其前景展望[J];西安政治學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2001年03期

3 孫長永;沉默權(quán)與中國刑事訴訟[J];現(xiàn)代法學(xué);2000年02期

4 劉根菊;在我國確定沉默權(quán)原則幾個(gè)問題之研討(下)[J];中國法學(xué);2000年03期

本文編號：2447134