犯罪嫌疑人的人權(quán)保障研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-15 14:37
【摘要】：古時(shí),為了建立正常的社會(huì)秩序,維護(hù)統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的既得利益,刑事訴訟應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。可以說(shuō),刑事訴訟法最初的誕生是一個(gè)階級(jí)統(tǒng)治另一階級(jí)的需要,其本源是為懲罰犯罪,這一點(diǎn)在我國(guó)的法制史上體現(xiàn)地更為明顯。工業(yè)文明的發(fā)展壯大,促使個(gè)人的權(quán)利意識(shí)不斷提高,在對(duì)公民個(gè)人人身權(quán)利、自由權(quán)利影響最為密切的刑事訴訟領(lǐng)域,保護(hù)個(gè)體權(quán)利的呼聲日益高漲。從《人權(quán)宣言》等重要憲法文件開(kāi)始,經(jīng)過(guò)近兩百年的奮斗和呼吁,人權(quán)保障最終成為刑事訴訟法的核心理念。國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)人權(quán)保障特別是對(duì)犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的人權(quán)保障已然具有共識(shí),文明國(guó)家的刑事訴訟法均是以人權(quán)保障為重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。尊重和保障人權(quán)被明文規(guī)定在憲法之中,體現(xiàn)出公眾對(duì)人權(quán)保障的強(qiáng)烈要求,立法對(duì)人權(quán)保障的高度重視。刑事訴訟法是犯罪嫌疑人的權(quán)利保障法,必然高度重視人權(quán)保障。司法程序中的人權(quán)保障是當(dāng)前人權(quán)保障的重點(diǎn)環(huán)節(jié),而偵查過(guò)程中對(duì)犯罪嫌疑人的人權(quán)保障是重中之重,更需要引起相關(guān)部門(mén)的高度重視。但是受傳統(tǒng)追訴犯罪觀念的影響,我國(guó)偵查機(jī)關(guān)往往只偏重查出案件的結(jié)果,容易造成偏重于懲罰犯罪而侵犯犯罪嫌疑人的人權(quán)。司法權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)擁有絕對(duì)和廣泛的權(quán)力,再?gòu)?qiáng)大的犯罪嫌疑人在其面前顯得極其渺小,難以也不可能與司法機(jī)關(guān)相抗衡。我們必須充分意識(shí)到保障犯罪嫌疑人人權(quán)的重要性,既要看到在人權(quán)保障方面取得的重大進(jìn)步,也要客觀清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)到在司法實(shí)踐中,仍存在一些侵犯人權(quán)的現(xiàn)象,比如超期羈押、刑訊逼供、毆打、虐待犯罪嫌疑人、非法搜查、查封等,對(duì)此,我們應(yīng)認(rèn)真總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn),不斷提高相關(guān)立法,完善司法機(jī)制,不斷建立健全對(duì)犯罪嫌疑人的人權(quán)保障。 本文共分為四個(gè)部分：第一部分介紹人權(quán)的形成和發(fā)展,揭示人權(quán)保障具有悠久的歷史,并分別闡述了人權(quán)和偵查程序中犯罪嫌疑人人權(quán)的基本概念。接著分析了刑事訴訟的目的和價(jià)值,其與犯罪嫌疑人人權(quán)保障的關(guān)系,指明在刑事偵查程序中犯罪嫌疑人人權(quán)保障的重要性。第二部分闡述了英美法系和大陸法系在人權(quán)保障模式方面的相同和不同之處,分析兩大法系的可借鑒部分,最后總結(jié)了兩大法系對(duì)中國(guó)人權(quán)保障模式的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。第三部分立足我國(guó)刑事偵查程序中犯罪嫌疑人人權(quán)保障的現(xiàn)狀及問(wèn)題,深層次分析了具體原因。第四部分提出完善犯罪嫌疑人人權(quán)保障的一些合理化意見(jiàn)和建議。如賦予犯罪嫌疑人真正的沉默權(quán)；建立嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)督機(jī)制,建立司法審查機(jī)制等,通過(guò)一系列的措施來(lái)切實(shí)加強(qiáng)對(duì)犯罪嫌疑人的人權(quán)保障,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)。
[Abstract]:In ancient times, in order to establish a normal social order and safeguard the vested interests of the ruling class, criminal proceedings emerged as the times require. It can be said that the birth of criminal procedure law was the need of one class to rule another class, and its origin is to punish the crime, which is more obvious in the legal history of our country. With the development of industrial civilization, the awareness of individual rights has been constantly improved. In the field of criminal procedure which has the closest influence on the personal rights and freedom rights of citizens, the voice of protecting individual rights has become louder and louder. Since the Declaration of Human Rights and other important constitutional documents, after nearly 200 years of struggle and appeal, the protection of human rights has finally become the core concept of the Code of Criminal procedure. The international community has reached a consensus on the protection of human rights, especially for suspects and defendants. The criminal procedure law of civilized countries focuses on the protection of human rights. The respect and protection of human rights is clearly stipulated in the constitution, which reflects the strong demand of the public for the protection of human rights, and the legislation attaches great importance to the protection of human rights. Criminal procedure law is the law of protecting the rights of criminal suspects, and must attach great importance to the protection of human rights. The protection of human rights in the judicial procedure is the key link of the protection of human rights at present, and the protection of human rights of the suspects in the investigation process is the most important one, and it needs to be attached great importance to by the relevant departments. However, under the influence of the traditional concept of prosecuting crimes, our investigative organs often only focus on finding out the results of the case, which can easily result in the violation of the human rights of the suspect by emphasizing the punishment of the crime. Judicial power organs have absolute and broad powers, no matter how powerful criminal suspects appear in front of them, it is difficult and impossible to compete with the judicial organs. We must be fully aware of the importance of protecting the human rights of criminal suspects, not only to see the significant progress made in the protection of human rights, but also to realize objectively and soberly that there are still some violations of human rights in judicial practice, For example, prolonged detention, extortion of confessions by torture, beatings, mistreatment of criminal suspects, illegal searches, seizure, etc., in this regard, we should conscientiously sum up our experience, constantly improve relevant legislation, and improve the judicial mechanism. We will continue to establish and improve the protection of human rights for criminal suspects. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the formation and development of human rights, reveals the long history of human rights protection, and expounds the basic concepts of human rights and criminal suspects' human rights in human rights and investigation procedures respectively. Then it analyzes the purpose and value of criminal procedure, its relationship with the human rights protection of criminal suspects, and points out the importance of human rights protection of criminal suspects in the criminal investigation procedure. The second part expounds the similarities and differences between the Anglo-American law system and the civil law system in the aspect of the human rights protection model, analyzes the reference parts of the two law systems, and finally summarizes the practical significance of the two legal systems to the human rights protection model in China. The third part is based on the current situation and problems of human rights protection of criminal suspects in the criminal investigation procedure of our country, and deeply analyzes the specific reasons. The fourth part puts forward some reasonable opinions and suggestions to perfect the human rights protection of criminal suspects. Such as giving the suspect a real right of silence, establishing a strict supervision mechanism, establishing a judicial review mechanism, and so on, through a series of measures to effectively strengthen the human rights protection of criminal suspects, and finally achieve a socialist harmonious society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D925.2
本文編號(hào)：2440716
[Abstract]:In ancient times, in order to establish a normal social order and safeguard the vested interests of the ruling class, criminal proceedings emerged as the times require. It can be said that the birth of criminal procedure law was the need of one class to rule another class, and its origin is to punish the crime, which is more obvious in the legal history of our country. With the development of industrial civilization, the awareness of individual rights has been constantly improved. In the field of criminal procedure which has the closest influence on the personal rights and freedom rights of citizens, the voice of protecting individual rights has become louder and louder. Since the Declaration of Human Rights and other important constitutional documents, after nearly 200 years of struggle and appeal, the protection of human rights has finally become the core concept of the Code of Criminal procedure. The international community has reached a consensus on the protection of human rights, especially for suspects and defendants. The criminal procedure law of civilized countries focuses on the protection of human rights. The respect and protection of human rights is clearly stipulated in the constitution, which reflects the strong demand of the public for the protection of human rights, and the legislation attaches great importance to the protection of human rights. Criminal procedure law is the law of protecting the rights of criminal suspects, and must attach great importance to the protection of human rights. The protection of human rights in the judicial procedure is the key link of the protection of human rights at present, and the protection of human rights of the suspects in the investigation process is the most important one, and it needs to be attached great importance to by the relevant departments. However, under the influence of the traditional concept of prosecuting crimes, our investigative organs often only focus on finding out the results of the case, which can easily result in the violation of the human rights of the suspect by emphasizing the punishment of the crime. Judicial power organs have absolute and broad powers, no matter how powerful criminal suspects appear in front of them, it is difficult and impossible to compete with the judicial organs. We must be fully aware of the importance of protecting the human rights of criminal suspects, not only to see the significant progress made in the protection of human rights, but also to realize objectively and soberly that there are still some violations of human rights in judicial practice, For example, prolonged detention, extortion of confessions by torture, beatings, mistreatment of criminal suspects, illegal searches, seizure, etc., in this regard, we should conscientiously sum up our experience, constantly improve relevant legislation, and improve the judicial mechanism. We will continue to establish and improve the protection of human rights for criminal suspects. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the formation and development of human rights, reveals the long history of human rights protection, and expounds the basic concepts of human rights and criminal suspects' human rights in human rights and investigation procedures respectively. Then it analyzes the purpose and value of criminal procedure, its relationship with the human rights protection of criminal suspects, and points out the importance of human rights protection of criminal suspects in the criminal investigation procedure. The second part expounds the similarities and differences between the Anglo-American law system and the civil law system in the aspect of the human rights protection model, analyzes the reference parts of the two law systems, and finally summarizes the practical significance of the two legal systems to the human rights protection model in China. The third part is based on the current situation and problems of human rights protection of criminal suspects in the criminal investigation procedure of our country, and deeply analyzes the specific reasons. The fourth part puts forward some reasonable opinions and suggestions to perfect the human rights protection of criminal suspects. Such as giving the suspect a real right of silence, establishing a strict supervision mechanism, establishing a judicial review mechanism, and so on, through a series of measures to effectively strengthen the human rights protection of criminal suspects, and finally achieve a socialist harmonious society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D925.2
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前6條
1 孫洪坤;;人權(quán)保障與刑事訴訟法的再修改——以刑事司法國(guó)際準(zhǔn)則為視角[J];安徽大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2006年04期
2 胡石友;;完善“嚴(yán)禁刑訊逼供”法律制度——兼談“不得被強(qiáng)迫自證有罪”[J];法學(xué)雜志;2007年01期
3 陳士果;;加強(qiáng)偵查權(quán)的保障人權(quán)職能[J];公安研究;2009年04期
4 萬(wàn)國(guó)敬;高凜;;淺析人權(quán)入憲與人權(quán)保障[J];萍鄉(xiāng)高等專(zhuān)科學(xué)校學(xué)報(bào);2008年05期
5 陳雨亭;以人為本,確保犯罪嫌疑人的人權(quán)[J];湖南稅務(wù)高等專(zhuān)科學(xué)校學(xué)報(bào);2005年05期
6 胡學(xué)相;量刑的若干理論問(wèn)題探討[J];武漢大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1994年03期
，本文編號(hào)：2440716
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/falvlunwen/susongfa/2440716.html
最近更新
教材專(zhuān)著
