【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代社會(huì)國(guó)家公權(quán)力的不斷擴(kuò)張以及涉及領(lǐng)域的急劇拓寬,公民隱私權(quán)越來(lái)越受到國(guó)家公權(quán)力的侵?jǐn)_。作為憲法基本權(quán)利的隱私權(quán)是公民追求自由安定的一種價(jià)值判斷,作為偵查手段之一的刑事搜查是國(guó)家追訴犯罪,保障社會(huì)安全穩(wěn)定必要措施,于是出現(xiàn)了隱私權(quán)保護(hù)和刑事搜查之間價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)沖突問(wèn)題。如何平衡偵查活動(dòng)追求犯罪的需求與公民隱私權(quán)的最大限度的保護(hù),便成為我們必須要解決的難題。通過(guò)分析隱私權(quán)的內(nèi)涵和范圍,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)隱私權(quán)內(nèi)涵具有的廣闊性,它不僅包括人身隱私權(quán)、財(cái)產(chǎn)隱私、住宅隱私權(quán),還包括各式多樣新型的科技信息隱私權(quán)。信息時(shí)代我們的偵查手段不斷發(fā)展創(chuàng)新,如網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜查手段的出現(xiàn),甚至為了應(yīng)對(duì)多發(fā)的嚴(yán)重的犯罪,秘密偵查手段也被規(guī)定在了刑事訴訟法之中。正是信息時(shí)代的發(fā)展,搜查手段的不斷創(chuàng)新以及隱私權(quán)范圍的不斷擴(kuò)大,使得本來(lái)就交織的隱私權(quán)保護(hù)和刑事搜查制度之間變得更加錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,因此需要我們分析雙方的價(jià)值側(cè)重點(diǎn)。無(wú)論是刑事搜查所追求的安全和公正及效率,還是隱私權(quán)偏重的人格尊嚴(yán)和自由價(jià)值,都是我們需要把握和尊重的基本價(jià)值。從哲學(xué)層面來(lái)看,這些價(jià)值之間是矛盾的兩個(gè)方面,它們之間是對(duì)立統(tǒng)一的,并在一定條件下是可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換的；同時(shí)刑事訴訟法也是這多種價(jià)值之間相互讓渡的產(chǎn)物,是多種價(jià)值的結(jié)合體,因此可以說(shuō)隱私權(quán)保護(hù)與刑事搜查權(quán)之間是可以通過(guò)價(jià)值衡量、制度的設(shè)計(jì)得到雙方利益平衡的,既達(dá)到隱私權(quán)保護(hù)的最大限度的目的,又能很好的實(shí)現(xiàn)刑事搜查的立法目的。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)平衡,需要我們明確雙方之間平衡的幾大原則,其一就是能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)雙方價(jià)值平衡的利益衡量原則及其內(nèi)涵下的比例原則,確立利益衡量原則是保障雙方平衡的利益基礎(chǔ)；程序法定原則、令狀主義原則等均為我們下面的刑事搜查的制度設(shè)計(jì)打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。本文通過(guò)對(duì)兩者的平衡過(guò)程進(jìn)行分析把握和討論,對(duì)隱私權(quán)保護(hù)和刑事搜查權(quán)之間的利益的讓渡進(jìn)行了程序設(shè)計(jì),主要包括對(duì)有證搜查和無(wú)證搜查的完善建議的多種內(nèi)部平衡方法,還包括非法證據(jù)排除、對(duì)非法搜查的懲戒以及國(guó)家賠償?shù)鹊膸追N外部平衡方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了從內(nèi)外兩個(gè)層面對(duì)刑事搜查進(jìn)行限制的目的。這樣的制度設(shè)計(jì)一方面為刑事搜查的順利進(jìn)行提供了制度保障,另一方面也為隱私權(quán)提供最大程度的保護(hù),從而最終實(shí)現(xiàn)隱私權(quán)保護(hù)和刑事搜查之間的平衡。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of public power in modern society and the rapid expansion of related fields, the right to privacy of citizens is more and more disturbed by the public power of the state. As the basic right of constitution, the right of privacy is a kind of value judgment for citizens to pursue freedom and stability. As one of the means of investigation, criminal search is a necessary measure for the state to prosecute the crime and ensure the social security and stability. Thus appeared the privacy protection and the criminal search between the value and the realistic conflict question. How to balance the demand of criminal investigation and the maximum protection of citizen's right of privacy has become a difficult problem that we must solve. By analyzing the connotation and scope of the right of privacy, we find that the connotation of the right of privacy is broad. It includes not only the right to personal privacy, the privacy of property, the right to privacy of residence, but also the various kinds of new types of privacy of scientific and technological information. In the information age, our investigative techniques are constantly developing and innovating, such as the appearance of network search techniques, and even in order to deal with the frequent serious crimes, secret investigative techniques are also stipulated in the Criminal procedure Law. It is the development of the information age, the constant innovation of search means and the expansion of the scope of privacy, which make the intertwined protection of privacy and criminal search system become more complicated. Therefore, we need to analyze the value of both sides of the focus. Whether it is the security, justice and efficiency pursued by the criminal search, or the value of personal dignity and freedom, which is emphasized by the right of privacy, is the basic value that we need to grasp and respect. From the philosophical point of view, these values are two aspects of contradiction, they are unity of opposites, and under certain conditions can be converted; At the same time, the Criminal procedure Law is also the product of the mutual transfer of these various values and the combination of many values. Therefore, it can be said that the protection of privacy and the right to criminal search can be measured by value, and the system is designed to obtain a balance of interests between both sides. Not only to achieve the maximum protection of privacy purposes, but also to achieve the legislative purpose of criminal search. In order to achieve balance, we need to clarify several major principles of balance between the two sides. One is the principle of balancing the interests of both sides and the principle of proportionality under the connotation of the balance of value between the two sides. The establishment of the principle of interest measurement is the interest basis to ensure the balance between the two sides. The principle of legal procedure and the principle of writ have laid a good foundation for the system design of criminal search. Through the analysis and discussion of the process of balance between the two, this paper designs the procedure of transferring the interests between the protection of privacy and the right of criminal search. It mainly includes a variety of internal balance methods proposed to perfect the search with and without a warrant, including the exclusion of illegal evidence, the punishment of illegal search and several external balance methods of state compensation, etc. It realizes the purpose of restricting the criminal search from inside and outside. On the one hand, the system design provides the system guarantee for the smooth conduct of criminal search, on the other hand, it also provides the greatest degree of protection for the right to privacy, so as to achieve the balance between the protection of privacy and the criminal search.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D925.2
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本文編號(hào)：2364019