【摘要】：本文以民事訴訟法關于鑒定意見的修訂為契機,結(jié)合司法實踐,針對我國鑒定意見存在的問題,提出了我國鑒定意見適用的完善建議。 全文分為四部分： 第一部分,是鑒定意見基本理論問題研究。第一,主要是鑒定意見基本理論的概述。首先,介紹了鑒定意見的概念。所謂鑒定意見,是指當遇到一般人憑借生活常識無法解決的專門性問題時,當事人及其代理人將這個專門性問題委托給具有專業(yè)知識和能力的專業(yè)人員,利用專業(yè)知識對專門性問題進行認定的特殊認識過程中所形成的意見。其次,提煉出了鑒定意見事實認定的證據(jù)性、科學性、可替代性和主觀性四大特點。第二,具體描述了鑒定意見的歷史沿革,關于鑒定意見的歷史沿革則分為兩個階段,首先是,孕育與分娩階段,此部分詳細描述了鑒定意見與證人證言的區(qū)別；其次是成長與發(fā)展階段,此部分詳細描述了鑒定意見與勘驗筆錄的區(qū)分。第三,闡述了鑒定意見適用的法理基礎：首先,指出鑒定意見是法官自由心證的理論前提；其次,指出鑒定意見是保障當事人完成舉證責任的重要方式。 第二部分,是比較法視角下的鑒定意見適用。第一是大陸法系的鑒定意見適用；第二是英美法系的鑒定意見適用。全章以法系為基礎,將研究的視野界定為英美法系和大陸法系兩個部分,并分別選擇了兩大法系中具有代表性意義的國家的相關制度進行介紹,通過細致的介紹與分析,總結(jié)出具有普適性的規(guī)則,以期對我國鑒定意見的適用提供一定的參考。 第三部分,是我國鑒定意見適用的研判。本部分分為兩個塊,第一是我國民事訴訟適用鑒定意見的現(xiàn)狀。首先是法律法規(guī)關于鑒定意見適用的規(guī)定；其次是2012年民事訴訟法對鑒定意見的修改及意義；第二是我國民事訴訟鑒定意見適用中存在的問題：鑒定意見的啟動設置不當；未規(guī)定鑒定意見的補充證據(jù)形式；未明確鑒定意見與專家輔助人意見沖突時的認定；鑒定人權(quán)利保障的闕如。 第四部分,是我國鑒定意見適用的完善。本部分主要針對前三章的論述,提出了我國目前民事訴訟鑒定意見適用中存在問題的針對性建議：分別是構(gòu)建鑒定意見的二元啟動主體；增加鑒定人陳述為鑒定意見的補充形式；協(xié)調(diào)鑒定人與專家輔助人意見沖突時的法律效力；建立針對鑒定機構(gòu)的完善管理規(guī)范及鑒定人權(quán)利保護制度。
[Abstract]:Based on the revision of the appraisal opinion of the Civil procedure Law and the judicial practice, this paper puts forward some perfect suggestions for the application of the appraisal opinion in our country in view of the problems existing in the appraisal opinion in our country. The full text is divided into four parts: the first part, is the appraisal opinion basic theory question research. First, it is the summary of the basic theory of appraisal opinion. First, the concept of appraisal opinion is introduced. The so-called appraisal opinion means that when confronted with a specialized problem that ordinary people cannot solve by virtue of common sense of life, the parties concerned and their agents entrust this specialized problem to professionals with professional knowledge and ability. The opinions formed in the process of using professional knowledge to identify specialized problems. Secondly, the paper abstracts the four characteristics of evidence, science, substitutability and subjectivity. Secondly, it describes the historical evolution of the appraisal opinion, and the historical evolution of the appraisal opinion is divided into two stages: first, the stage of gestation and childbirth, this part describes in detail the difference between the appraisal opinion and the testimony of the witness; Secondly, the stage of growth and development. This part describes the distinction between the appraisal opinion and the record in detail. Thirdly, it expounds the legal basis of the application of the appraisal opinion: firstly, it points out that the appraisal opinion is the theoretical premise for the judge to give evidence freely; secondly, it points out that the appraisal opinion is an important way to ensure the parties to fulfill the burden of proof. The second part is the application of appraisal opinions from the perspective of comparative law. The first is the application of the appraisal opinion in the civil law system, and the second is the application of the appraisal opinion in the common law system. Based on the legal system, the whole chapter defines the field of study as two parts of Anglo-American law system and civil law system, and introduces the relevant systems of the representative countries in the two legal systems, through detailed introduction and analysis. The general rules are summarized in order to provide some reference for the application of appraisal opinions in our country. The third part is the study of the application of appraisal opinions in China. This part is divided into two blocks, the first is the status quo of the application of appraisal opinions in civil proceedings in China. The first is the provisions of laws and regulations on the application of appraisal opinions; the second is the revision and significance of the appraising opinions in 2012 civil procedure law; the second is the problems existing in the application of appraisal opinions in civil litigation in China: improper setting up of the initiation of appraisal opinions; The form of supplementary evidence is not stipulated; the identification of the conflict between expert's opinion and expert's opinion is not clear; the lack of protection of expert's right. The fourth part, is our country appraisal opinion application consummation. This part mainly aims at the discussion of the first three chapters, and puts forward some specific suggestions on the problems existing in the application of the appraisal opinion of civil litigation in our country at present: they are the dual starting subject of the construction of the appraisal opinion; Add the expert statement as the supplementary form of appraisal opinion; coordinate the legal effect when the expert and expert assistant opinion conflict; establish the perfect management standard and the expert right protection system for the appraisal organization.
【學位授予單位】：云南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.13

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