小額訴訟一審終審制度研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-29 09:29
【摘要】：近年來，隨著社會經(jīng)濟的迅猛發(fā)展，公民的法治意識不斷提高，大量的民事案件進入法院。在此背景下，人民法院必須處理好不斷增長的矛盾糾紛與有限的審判資源之間的矛盾。而不斷增長和累積的標的額較小的簡單民事案件，加劇了基層法院案多人少的矛盾，也增加了司法成本。為了緩解人民法院案多人少的矛盾，提高訴訟效率，降低訴訟成本，促進司法大眾化。新修訂的《民事訴訟法》順應世界民事訴訟法司法改革的潮流，確立了小額訴訟制度。由此引發(fā)了對小額訴訟的熱議。 小額訴訟一審終審制度的確立，對現(xiàn)在乃至將來都有著舉足輕重的意義。它有利于國家法律的適用、司法權威的維護、司法效能的充分發(fā)揮以及有效地合理配置有限的司法資源，同時加快了司法效率與司法公正的同步實現(xiàn)的腳步。也有利于基層人民法院依法快速解決大量糾紛、便于當事人積極參加訴訟、在短時間內使其訴訟權利得以實現(xiàn)，減少訴訟耗費。但是，小額訴訟一審終審制在我國立法上相對不完善，具體規(guī)定過于簡單，存在很多問題。比如，對適用范圍的界定模糊，對具體程序的規(guī)定不成熟。因此，對小額訴訟一審終審制的構建勢在必行。本文首先肯定小額訴訟一審終審制度的具有其正當性，后結合域外國家和地區(qū)的成熟立法經(jīng)驗，對構建我國小額訴訟一審終審制進行研究。本文共分三個部分： 第一部分，闡述了小額訴訟一審終審制度的的程序正當性。具體而言，從程序價值、程序原理以及程序配置對小額訴訟一審終審制的正當性進行詮釋。 第二部分，，從小額訴訟一審終審制度的立法體例選擇展開。首先，對域外相關國家和地區(qū)的小額訴訟一審終審制進行概況總結。其次，對兩大法系小額訴訟一審終審制的具體程序規(guī)則進行闡釋。再次，對我國小額訴訟一審終審制度的立法和司法發(fā)展現(xiàn)況進行論述，在此基礎上，分析了我國在適用范圍、審理程序以及救濟方面存在的問題。 第三部分，詳細闡述我國小額訴訟一審終審制度構建。在借鑒域外相關國家和地區(qū)成熟司法經(jīng)驗的基礎上，結合我國國情，對小額訴訟一審終審制的適用范圍、審理程序以及救濟機制提出了具體的建議。如，審前的特殊告知義務、“圓桌式”審判方式等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy, citizens' awareness of the rule of law continues to improve, a large number of civil cases into the court. In this context, the people's court must handle the contradiction between the growing contradictions and disputes and limited judicial resources. And the simple civil cases, which are increasing and accumulating small amount, aggravate the contradiction between more and less people in the basic court cases, and also increase the judicial costs. In order to alleviate the contradiction of people's court, improve the efficiency of litigation, reduce the cost of litigation, and promote the popularization of justice. The newly revised Code of Civil procedure conforms to the trend of judicial reform of the world's civil procedure law and establishes the system of minor action. This led to a heated debate on small claims. The establishment of the first instance system of small actions is of great significance to the present and the future. It is conducive to the application of national laws, the maintenance of judicial authority, the full play of judicial effectiveness and the effective and reasonable allocation of limited judicial resources, while speeding up the pace of the simultaneous realization of judicial efficiency and judicial justice. It is also beneficial to the grass-roots people's courts to resolve a large number of disputes according to law, facilitate the parties to actively participate in the litigation, make their litigation rights come true in a short time, and reduce the costs of litigation. However, the system of first instance final instance of small actions in our country is relatively imperfect, the specific provisions are too simple, there are a lot of problems. For example, the definition of the scope of application is vague, and the provisions of specific procedures are immature. Therefore, it is imperative to construct the system of first instance final appeal of small action. This paper first affirms the legitimacy of the first instance system of small claims litigation, and then studies the construction of the system of first instance final instance of small claims litigation in our country combined with the mature legislative experience of foreign countries and regions. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part expounds the procedural legitimacy of the first instance system of small claims. Concretely speaking, from the procedure value, the procedure principle and the procedure disposition, carries on the explanation to the small lawsuit first instance final instance justice. The second part, from the small-trial first-instance final appeal system of the legislative style selection. First of all, a summary of the first instance system of small-trial litigation in foreign countries and regions. Secondly, it explains the procedure rules of the first instance system of minor action in two legal systems. Thirdly, this paper discusses the current situation of legislation and judicial development of the system of first instance final appeal of small claims in our country. On this basis, it analyzes the problems existing in the application scope, trial procedure and relief in our country. The third part, elaborated our country small-trial lawsuit first instance final appeal system construction in detail. On the basis of the mature judicial experience of foreign countries and regions, combined with the situation of our country, this paper puts forward some concrete suggestions on the scope of application, trial procedure and relief mechanism of the system of first instance final instance of small claims litigation. For example, the special pre-trial notification obligation, the "round table" trial method and so on.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.1
本文編號：2297303
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy, citizens' awareness of the rule of law continues to improve, a large number of civil cases into the court. In this context, the people's court must handle the contradiction between the growing contradictions and disputes and limited judicial resources. And the simple civil cases, which are increasing and accumulating small amount, aggravate the contradiction between more and less people in the basic court cases, and also increase the judicial costs. In order to alleviate the contradiction of people's court, improve the efficiency of litigation, reduce the cost of litigation, and promote the popularization of justice. The newly revised Code of Civil procedure conforms to the trend of judicial reform of the world's civil procedure law and establishes the system of minor action. This led to a heated debate on small claims. The establishment of the first instance system of small actions is of great significance to the present and the future. It is conducive to the application of national laws, the maintenance of judicial authority, the full play of judicial effectiveness and the effective and reasonable allocation of limited judicial resources, while speeding up the pace of the simultaneous realization of judicial efficiency and judicial justice. It is also beneficial to the grass-roots people's courts to resolve a large number of disputes according to law, facilitate the parties to actively participate in the litigation, make their litigation rights come true in a short time, and reduce the costs of litigation. However, the system of first instance final instance of small actions in our country is relatively imperfect, the specific provisions are too simple, there are a lot of problems. For example, the definition of the scope of application is vague, and the provisions of specific procedures are immature. Therefore, it is imperative to construct the system of first instance final appeal of small action. This paper first affirms the legitimacy of the first instance system of small claims litigation, and then studies the construction of the system of first instance final instance of small claims litigation in our country combined with the mature legislative experience of foreign countries and regions. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part expounds the procedural legitimacy of the first instance system of small claims. Concretely speaking, from the procedure value, the procedure principle and the procedure disposition, carries on the explanation to the small lawsuit first instance final instance justice. The second part, from the small-trial first-instance final appeal system of the legislative style selection. First of all, a summary of the first instance system of small-trial litigation in foreign countries and regions. Secondly, it explains the procedure rules of the first instance system of minor action in two legal systems. Thirdly, this paper discusses the current situation of legislation and judicial development of the system of first instance final appeal of small claims in our country. On this basis, it analyzes the problems existing in the application scope, trial procedure and relief in our country. The third part, elaborated our country small-trial lawsuit first instance final appeal system construction in detail. On the basis of the mature judicial experience of foreign countries and regions, combined with the situation of our country, this paper puts forward some concrete suggestions on the scope of application, trial procedure and relief mechanism of the system of first instance final instance of small claims litigation. For example, the special pre-trial notification obligation, the "round table" trial method and so on.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.1
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