【摘要】：我國(guó)的法院是法律糾紛的裁判者也是生效判決的執(zhí)行者,在我國(guó)的法治建設(shè)中起著關(guān)鍵性的作用。當(dāng)事人發(fā)生民事糾紛,經(jīng)法院裁判后,如果敗訴方不能自動(dòng)履行,勝訴方的權(quán)利無(wú)法通過(guò)生效裁判得到保護(hù),故法律賦予當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)執(zhí)行的權(quán)利,用以保護(hù)勝訴方的勝訴權(quán)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。法院應(yīng)依法行使自己的強(qiáng)制措施,既要維護(hù)勝訴方的權(quán)利,也要充分的保障被執(zhí)行人的合法權(quán)益,近年來(lái)隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的迅猛發(fā)展,各種民事糾紛層出不窮,執(zhí)行中也面臨著許多立法時(shí)無(wú)法預(yù)見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題,這些問(wèn)題往往因不能妥善解決從而導(dǎo)致生效裁判執(zhí)行不能,其直接后果剝奪了當(dāng)事人依據(jù)生效法律文書(shū)期待獲得的法律利益,深層次也影響到法律在社會(huì)生活中的權(quán)威性,不利于我國(guó)建設(shè)法治社會(huì)的執(zhí)政理念。這些執(zhí)行難題涉及到法律的各個(gè)層面,其中涉及追加或者變更執(zhí)行當(dāng)事人的問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)的更為頻繁。如何規(guī)范法院的執(zhí)行行為,防范當(dāng)事人規(guī)避法律責(zé)任的違法行為需要對(duì)該問(wèn)題進(jìn)行及時(shí)深刻的研究。 民事執(zhí)行當(dāng)事人變更和追加是兩個(gè)法律現(xiàn)象,屬于兩種法律問(wèn)題,但二者均是民事執(zhí)行承擔(dān)的外在表現(xiàn)形式。執(zhí)行承擔(dān)的產(chǎn)生可因程序也可因?qū)嶓w。因程序法的原因產(chǎn)生執(zhí)行承擔(dān)的法理基礎(chǔ)是執(zhí)行名義效力主觀(guān)范圍的擴(kuò)張；因?qū)嶓w法的原因產(chǎn)生執(zhí)行承擔(dān)的法理基礎(chǔ)是連帶責(zé)任的不可分割性。由于法理基礎(chǔ)不同,民事執(zhí)行當(dāng)事人變更或者追加的程序設(shè)計(jì)亦有所不同。現(xiàn)實(shí)司法活動(dòng)中,執(zhí)法機(jī)關(guān)并沒(méi)有將二者進(jìn)行必要的區(qū)分,往往簡(jiǎn)單的適用《民訴法》和最高院的有關(guān)司法解釋,這種機(jī)械性的適用,已經(jīng)逐漸無(wú)法適用社會(huì)的發(fā)展與執(zhí)行情況的多樣性,所以只有加深對(duì)該問(wèn)題的理論研究,才能真正的理順執(zhí)行中遇到的問(wèn)題,公平公正的解決執(zhí)行難題,保證雙方當(dāng)事人的合法權(quán)益,杜絕違法行為的出現(xiàn)。 本文主要針對(duì)法院實(shí)際執(zhí)行過(guò)程中,執(zhí)行當(dāng)事人需要變更和追加的條件、適用范圍、理論基礎(chǔ)、我國(guó)立法現(xiàn)狀及完善途徑的角度對(duì)執(zhí)行當(dāng)事人的變更和追加進(jìn)行法律研究。目的是通過(guò)對(duì)大陸法系國(guó)家已成熟的法理思想,結(jié)合我國(guó)目前的立法現(xiàn)狀,提出完善我國(guó)有關(guān)執(zhí)行當(dāng)事人變更和追加問(wèn)題理論研究的方式方法,同時(shí)提出自己的分析意見(jiàn),為我國(guó)的法治建設(shè)盡綿薄之力。
[Abstract]:The court of our country is the adjudicator of the legal dispute and the executor of the effective judgment, which plays a key role in the construction of the rule of law in our country. If the losing party fails to perform the civil dispute automatically, the rights of the victorious party cannot be protected by the effective judgment, so the law gives the parties the right to apply for enforcement. To protect the successful parties to the right of victory can be realized. The court should exercise its own coercive measures according to law, not only to protect the rights of the successful parties, but also to fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of the executors. In recent years, with the rapid development of economic construction in China, various civil disputes have emerged in endlessly. In the process of enforcement, there are also many problems that can not be foreseen when the legislation is in force. These problems are often not properly resolved, which leads to the failure of the enforcement of the effective decision, and its direct consequence deprives the parties of the legal benefits expected from the legal instruments in force. It also affects the authority of law in social life and is not conducive to the ruling idea of building a society ruled by law in our country. These enforcement problems involve various aspects of the law, including the problem of adding or changing the enforcement parties more frequently. How to regulate the execution of the court and prevent the parties from evading the legal responsibility requires a deep and timely study. The alteration and addition of civil execution parties are two legal phenomena, which belong to two kinds of legal problems, but they are both external forms of civil execution undertaking. Implementation of the responsibility for the generation of procedures can also be attributed to the entity. The legal basis for the execution of the procedural law is the expansion of the subjective scope of the nominal effectiveness of execution, and the legal basis for the execution of the substantive law is the indivisibility of joint and several liability. Because of the different legal basis, the procedure design of the change or addition of the civil execution party is different. In the actual judicial activities, the law enforcement agencies do not make the necessary distinction between the two, and often simply apply the Civil procedure Law and the relevant judicial interpretation of the Supreme Court, which is mechanically applicable. Has gradually been unable to apply to the development of society and the diversity of implementation, so only by deepening the theoretical study of this problem, can we really straighten out the problems encountered in the implementation, and solve the implementation problems fairly and justly. To guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of both parties and to prevent the occurrence of illegal acts. This article mainly aims at the condition, the scope of application, the theoretical basis, the current situation of legislation and the way of perfection of the parties to the execution of the law in the actual execution process of the court, and carries on the legal research on the change and addition of the parties to the execution. The purpose of this paper is to put forward the ways and methods of perfecting the theoretical research on the issue of party change and addition in our country through the mature legal theory thought of the civil law countries and the current legislative situation of our country, and at the same time, to put forward their own analytical opinions. For the rule of law in our country to do its utmost.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D925.18

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