【摘要】：2016年6月,中央全面深化改革領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組第25次會議審議通過了《關(guān)于全面推進(jìn)以審判為中心的刑事訴訟制度改革的意見》,強調(diào)推進(jìn)以審判為中心的訴訟制度改革,要重視發(fā)揮庭審的作用,其中第十二條明確規(guī)定要完善證人出庭作證制度,提高證人出庭率。出庭率低一直是我國司法實踐中存在的難題,為了推進(jìn)以審判為中心的訴訟改革,我們必須嚴(yán)格按照意見的要求,嚴(yán)格規(guī)范法庭審理程序,規(guī)范法庭調(diào)查,強化庭前準(zhǔn)備的程序功能,完善庭前會議制度,落實證人強制出庭制度,完善證人保護(hù)和證人補償,提高證人出庭率。要完善以審判為中心背景下我國證人出庭制度,必須分析證人出庭制度的現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題,通過調(diào)查和分析,我國證人出庭制度在立法上存在一些缺陷,在司法實踐中,司法機(jī)關(guān)不愿意證人出庭作證是因為辦案壓力,證人考慮到自身的安全也不情愿出庭作證,同時實踐中庭前證言代替了當(dāng)庭證言的使用,這些原因?qū)е挛覈C人出庭率低的問題一直沒有解決,結(jié)合實踐中存在的問題,可以從四個方面來完善證人出庭制度。第一,完善庭前會議程序和法庭調(diào)查程序。強化庭前會議的作用,規(guī)范法庭質(zhì)證。第二,完善強制證人出庭制度。依法明確證人出庭作證的范圍,限制法官的自由裁量權(quán),完善證人出庭的強制措施和免證權(quán)。第三,明確庭前證言的效力,限制庭前證言的使用。明確證人拒絕出庭后庭前證言的效力,在證人應(yīng)當(dāng)出庭作證的法定情況下,如果證人無正當(dāng)理由拒絕出庭作證,無論該證人證言的真實性是否能夠確認(rèn),都不能將其作為定案依據(jù),明確證人出庭情況下庭前證言的效力。第四,加強對證人的保護(hù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)補償。擴(kuò)大證人保護(hù)范圍,明確證人保護(hù)內(nèi)容,增加證人保護(hù)案件范圍和保護(hù)措施,明確證人保護(hù)程序和保護(hù)主體,建立證人補助專項經(jīng)費劃撥機(jī)制,由政府撥款建立證人補助專項經(jīng)費,專款專用,加強對證人的經(jīng)濟(jì)補償。
[Abstract]:In June 2016, the 25th meeting of the Central leading Group for Comprehensive deepening Reform deliberated and adopted the views on comprehensively promoting the Reform of the Trial-Centered Criminal Litigation system, emphasizing the promotion of the reform of the Litigation system with the trial as the center. We should pay more attention to the function of trial, among which Article 12 clearly stipulates that the system of witness appearing in court should be perfected and the rate of witness appearing in court should be improved. The low court attendance rate has always been a difficult problem in the judicial practice of our country. In order to promote the trial centered litigation reform, we must strictly standardize the court hearing procedure and the court investigation in accordance with the requirements of the opinion. Strengthen the procedure function of pre-court preparation, perfect the system of pre-court meeting, implement the system of witness compulsory appearance, perfect witness protection and witness compensation, and improve the rate of witness appearing in court. In order to perfect the system of witnesses appearing in court under the background of taking trial as the center, we must analyze the present situation and existing problems of the system of witnesses appearing in court. Through investigation and analysis, there are some defects in the legislation of the system of witnesses appearing in court in our country, which are in judicial practice. Judicial organs do not want witnesses to testify in court because of the pressure of handling the case, and the witness is reluctant to testify because of his own safety. At the same time, in practice, pretrial testimony has replaced the use of testimony in court. These reasons lead to the low witness appearance rate in our country has not been resolved, combined with the existing problems in practice, we can improve the witness court system from four aspects. First, perfect the procedure of the pre-court meeting and the procedure of court investigation. Strengthen the role of the pretrial meeting and standardize the court cross-examination. Second, improve the compulsory witness court system. In accordance with the law, the scope of witness appearing in court is defined, the discretion of judge is limited, and the compulsory measure and exemption right of witness appearing in court are perfected. Third, make clear the validity of pretrial testimony and limit the use of pretrial testimony. It is clear that the validity of the witness's refusal to testify before the court after the court, if the witness refuses to give evidence before the court without proper reason, whether or not the authenticity of the witness's testimony can be confirmed, under the legal circumstances where the witness should appear before the court to testify, Neither of them can be regarded as the basis of the final case, and the validity of the witness's pre-court testimony under the condition of witness appearing in court is clear. Fourth, strengthen the protection of witnesses and economic compensation. To expand the scope of witness protection, to clarify the content of witness protection, to increase the scope and measures of witness protection cases, to clarify witness protection procedures and subjects, and to establish a mechanism for allocating special funds for witness subsidies. The government funds the establishment of special funds for witness subsidies, earmarked funds to strengthen the financial compensation of witnesses.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D925.2

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