發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-28 19:14

【摘要】：隨著《世界人權(quán)宣言》頒布實(shí)施,近年來(lái),國(guó)際人權(quán)事業(yè)得到了飛速的發(fā)展,世界各國(guó)越來(lái)越的重視與關(guān)注人權(quán)保護(hù)。在刑事訴訟過(guò)程中,表現(xiàn)為犯罪嫌疑人、被告人合法權(quán)利保護(hù)研究越來(lái)越深入,形成了完善的保護(hù)體系,犯罪嫌疑人、被告人得到了全方位的保護(hù)。然而,與此相對(duì)應(yīng)的是,作為刑事案件被侵害的被害人,在偵查階段為偵查機(jī)關(guān)提供案件的證據(jù),配合偵查機(jī)關(guān)偵查破案,除此之外,其合法權(quán)利幾乎得不到司法機(jī)關(guān)的任何保護(hù)。隨著二十世紀(jì)被害人學(xué)的興起,被害人的合法權(quán)利日益受到關(guān)注,各國(guó)開始逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到被害人權(quán)利保護(hù)的重要性,逐步展開被害人權(quán)利保護(hù)工作,并在法律法規(guī)中進(jìn)行落實(shí)。偵查階段是刑事訴訟的第一個(gè)階段,在偵查階段做好被害人權(quán)利保護(hù)工作對(duì)整個(gè)刑事訴訟的進(jìn)程起著十分重要的作用,對(duì)于查明案情、保障刑事訴訟的順利實(shí)施起著至關(guān)重要的作用,從另一方面也體現(xiàn)了對(duì)于人權(quán)的保障。目前,世界一些主要國(guó)家和地區(qū)在被害人權(quán)利保護(hù)方面的研究比較深入,代表著世界發(fā)展的方向,美國(guó)、德國(guó)、日本、中國(guó)臺(tái)灣在被害人權(quán)利保護(hù)方面成就突出,制定了專門用于保護(hù)被害人權(quán)利的法律,對(duì)被害人權(quán)利的保護(hù)比較全面,處于世界領(lǐng)先水平。和世界主要地區(qū)和國(guó)家相比,我國(guó)沒有制定專門保護(hù)被害人權(quán)利的法律,關(guān)于被害人權(quán)利保護(hù)的內(nèi)容分散在各個(gè)法律及相關(guān)司法解釋之中,存在著律師幫助權(quán)缺失的問(wèn)題,在知情權(quán)、隱私權(quán)、被害人財(cái)產(chǎn)返還權(quán)的規(guī)定還不盡完善,不利于保護(hù)被害人的合法權(quán)利。在司法實(shí)踐中,被害人雖然被列為訴訟當(dāng)事人,卻無(wú)法有效參與訴訟,一方面?zhèn)刹闄C(jī)關(guān)唯上論、唯考核論的偵查導(dǎo)向使得不被列為考核范圍的案件被害人難以通過(guò)破案維護(hù)自己的合法權(quán)利,另外一方面?zhèn)刹闄C(jī)關(guān)在詢問(wèn)過(guò)程中不注重被害人的心理感受又導(dǎo)致了被害人的“二次被害”。我國(guó)被害人權(quán)利保護(hù)不足的原因是多方面的,主要有立法原因、傳統(tǒng)訴訟觀念的根深蒂固、我國(guó)偵查模式的原因以及主管認(rèn)識(shí)的偏差,針對(duì)上述原因,在立法上我國(guó)應(yīng)該在偵查階段落實(shí)被害人的律師幫助權(quán)、完善被害人的知情權(quán)、財(cái)產(chǎn)返還權(quán)、隱私權(quán);在司法實(shí)踐中,偵查機(jī)關(guān)要樹立科學(xué)的偵查導(dǎo)向,并對(duì)詢問(wèn)的方式方法進(jìn)行完善,最后,還要塑造被害人與犯罪嫌疑人權(quán)利保障的均衡關(guān)系,唯有如此,方能對(duì)被害人進(jìn)行全方位的保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:With the promulgation and implementation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in recent years, the cause of international human rights has been rapidly developed, and more countries in the world attach importance to and pay attention to the protection of human rights. In the process of criminal proceedings, criminal suspects, defendants legal rights of the more and more in-depth research, formed a perfect protection system, criminal suspects, defendants have been all-round protection. However, in contrast, as victims of criminal cases being infringed, they provide evidence for the investigation organs during the investigation stage and cooperate with the investigative organs to solve the cases. In addition, Their legal rights are almost unprotected by the judiciary. With the rise of victim science in the 20th century, the legal rights of victims are paid more and more attention. Countries begin to realize the importance of the protection of victims' rights, and gradually develop the protection of victims' rights, and implement them in laws and regulations. The investigation stage is the first stage of the criminal procedure. Doing a good job in the protection of the rights of the victims in the investigation stage plays a very important role in the whole process of the criminal procedure, and it is very important for ascertaining the circumstances of the case. Ensuring the smooth implementation of criminal procedure plays a vital role, and on the other hand, it also embodies the protection of human rights. At present, some major countries and regions in the world have done more in-depth research on the protection of the rights of victims, representing the direction of development in the world. The United States, Germany, Japan, and Taiwan have made outstanding achievements in the protection of victims' rights. The law specially used to protect the rights of the victims is formulated, and the protection of the rights of the victims is relatively comprehensive and is in the leading level in the world. Compared with the major regions and countries of the world, our country has not formulated laws specifically to protect the rights of victims. The contents of the protection of the rights of victims are scattered in various laws and related judicial interpretations, and there is the problem of the lack of lawyers' right to help. The provisions of the right to know, the right to privacy and the right to return the victim's property are not perfect, which is not conducive to the protection of the victim's legal rights. In judicial practice, although victims are listed as litigants, they are unable to participate in the proceedings effectively. Due to the investigation orientation of the examination-only theory, it is difficult for the victims of the cases that are not listed as the scope of the examination to defend their legal rights by solving the cases. On the other hand, the investigation organization does not pay attention to the psychological feelings of the victim in the process of questioning, which leads to the victim's "second victimization". There are many reasons for the insufficient protection of the rights of victims in our country, including legislative reasons, deep-rooted traditional litigation concepts, the reasons of the investigation mode and the deviation of the supervisor's understanding, aiming at the above reasons. In legislation, our country should implement the victim's right to help the lawyer in the investigation stage, perfect the victim's right to know, return the property and the right to privacy; in the judicial practice, the investigative organ should establish the scientific investigation direction, And the ways and means of questioning are improved, and finally, the balanced relationship between victims and criminal suspects' rights protection should be shaped. Only in this way, can the victims be protected in all directions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D925.2

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