本文選題：法官員額制 + 員額法官�。� 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：法官員額制是根據(jù)審判工作需要限定法官人數(shù)而建立起來的法官管理制度,其改革目標(biāo)是打造一支專業(yè)化、職業(yè)化、精英化的法官隊(duì)伍,塑造法官職業(yè)身份,樹立司法權(quán)威,確保審判的公平公正。法官員額制從提出到全面推進(jìn)改革試點(diǎn)工作,經(jīng)過了15年的探索實(shí)踐,既積累了很多有益的經(jīng)驗(yàn),也遇到不少困難。法官員額制的首要工作要確定各級各個(gè)法院的法官員額,包括法官數(shù)量的確定、員額法官的選任等。各地試點(diǎn)法院在確定員額法官數(shù)量后,相繼開展員額法官的選任工作,推進(jìn)法官員額制改革的進(jìn)程。法官員額制改革,給我國法官選任制度改革帶來了機(jī)遇、創(chuàng)造了條件。同時(shí),法官選任制度改革也是全面深化司法體制改革的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。當(dāng)前各省設(shè)立的法官、檢察官遴選(懲戒)委員會的主要工作是選任員額法官、檢察官,負(fù)責(zé)把好員額法官、檢察官選任的入口關(guān),這與改革的階段性是一致的。法官員額制正式實(shí)行后,缺額法官特別是初任法官的補(bǔ)充選任,應(yīng)當(dāng)由法官、檢察官遴選(懲戒)委員會負(fù)責(zé)遴選,保證初任法官符合改革后法官的任職要求,確保實(shí)現(xiàn)改革的目標(biāo)。法官員額制改革,省以下法院人財(cái)物由省級統(tǒng)管,法官、檢察官遴選(懲戒)委員會的設(shè)立,必然帶來法官選任制度的變革。本文分為引言、主體和結(jié)語幾個(gè)部分,其中主體由以下四個(gè)部分構(gòu)成:第一部分是介紹我國法官員額制改革背景下法官選任概況,主要內(nèi)容是我國法官員額制改革的起源和發(fā)展以及改革過程中員額法官的選任現(xiàn)狀。其中,員額法官的選任現(xiàn)狀包括員額法官的選任機(jī)構(gòu)、選任方式、選任程序以及考試考核的內(nèi)容,也分析了員額法官選任存在的相關(guān)問題。第二部分是梳理我國法官選任的立法現(xiàn)狀和分析法官選任立法存在的不足。法官選任制的立法現(xiàn)狀主要包括《法官法》對法官的定位、法官的任職條件、法官的選任機(jī)制等規(guī)定。法官選任存在立法的不足主要表現(xiàn)在對法官定位不清晰、法官任職條件偏低且不具體、法官選任機(jī)制不合理等。第三部分是對域外國家和地區(qū)法官選任制的立法考察與啟示。主要圍繞美國、德國、日本以及我國臺灣地區(qū)的法官選任制度,分別介紹了這些國家和地區(qū)的法官選任條件、選任機(jī)構(gòu)和選任程序,得到的主要啟示包括:應(yīng)當(dāng)規(guī)定較高的法官任職條件、法官應(yīng)當(dāng)由較高層次的主體機(jī)構(gòu)任命等。第四部分是提出完善我國法官選任制度的思考與建議,具體包括:完善遴選委員會制度,提出分開設(shè)立遴選委員會和懲戒委員會;提出創(chuàng)設(shè)“候補(bǔ)法官”制度,分析創(chuàng)設(shè)“候補(bǔ)法官”制度的必要性和可行性、“候補(bǔ)法官”的選任和培訓(xùn)等;提出完善我國法官逐級遴選制度和完善我國人民法院院長的選任制度,包括明確提名主體、明確考核主體等。
[Abstract]:Judge post system is a judge management system established according to the need of judicial work to limit the number of judges. The aim of its reform is to create a professional, professional and elite team of judges, to shape the professional identity of judges and to establish judicial authority. To ensure the fairness of the trial. After 15 years of exploration and practice, judges' post system has accumulated a lot of useful experience and encountered many difficulties. The chief task of the post system of judges is to determine the number of judges at all levels of the courts, including the number of judges, the selection of judges, etc. After determining the number of judges, the local pilot courts have carried out the work of selecting and appointing post judges one after another, and promoted the reform of the post system of judges. The reform of judge post system brings opportunities and conditions to the reform of judge selection system in our country. At the same time, the reform of judge selection and appointment system is also an important content to deepen the reform of judicial system. At present, the main work of the Public Prosecutor selection (Corrections) Committee in the provinces is to select judges and prosecutors, which is responsible for the entry of good judges and prosecutors, which is consistent with the stage of reform. After the formal implementation of the post system of judges, the additional selection of vacant judges, especially the newly appointed judges, shall be carried out by the judges, who shall be selected by the Public Prosecutor selection (Corrections) Commission to ensure that the newly appointed judges meet the requirements for the post of judges after the reform, Make sure that the goal of reform is achieved. The reform of the post system of judges and the establishment of judges and procurators selection (disciplinary) committees under the provincial level will inevitably bring about a change in the system of selecting and appointing judges. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, subject and conclusion, in which the subject is composed of the following four parts: the first part is to introduce the general situation of judges selection and appointment under the background of the reform of the post system of judges in our country. The main content is the origin and development of the reform of the post system of judges in our country and the present situation of the selection and appointment of judges in the course of the reform. Among them, the status quo of post judges selection includes the selection of post judges, selection methods, selection procedures and examination of the content, but also analyzes the existing problems of post judges selection. The second part is to sort out the legislative status of judges selection and analyze the shortcomings of judges selection legislation. The present legislative situation of the system of selecting and appointing judges mainly includes the orientation of judges in the Law of judges, the conditions of judges' appointment, the mechanism of selecting and appointing judges, and so on. The lack of legislation in the selection of judges is mainly reflected in the lack of clear positioning of judges, the low and unspecific conditions of judges' appointment, the unreasonable mechanism of judges' selection and appointment, and so on. The third part is the legislative investigation and enlightenment to the system of selecting judges in foreign countries and regions. Focusing on the system of selecting and appointing judges in the United States, Germany, Japan and Taiwan, respectively, this paper introduces the conditions, institutions and procedures for the selection of judges in these countries and regions. The main revelations include: higher conditions of judges should be stipulated, judges should be appointed by higher levels of the main body, and so on. The fourth part is to put forward some thoughts and suggestions on how to perfect the system of selecting and appointing judges in our country, including: perfecting the system of selection committee, proposing to set up the selection committee and disciplinary committee separately, proposing to create the system of "alternate judge". This paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of creating the system of "alternate judges", the selection and training of "alternate judges", and proposes to perfect the system of selecting judges step by step and the selection system of the presidents of the people's courts of our country, including defining the nominating subjects, To define the subject of examination and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D926.2

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本文編號：2076876