本文選題：民事訴訟 + 要件事實理論　； 參考：《華東政法大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：要件事實理論是民事訴訟法學中的重要理論，對民事訴訟實踐具有指導作用，也是連接民事實體法與程序法的一道“橋梁”。民事實體法中的要件事實能夠通過訴訟程序予以體現(xiàn)，并且訴訟程序本身的設置可以解決實體法適用的不足。要件事實理論中的主張責任和釋明權(quán)為當事人進行民事訴訟提供了一個“場”，為其設定攻擊防御規(guī)則，并且引導其以正確的方式實施攻擊防御。任何理論均需要應用于實踐并指導實踐，那么，如何應用要件事實理論處理一件具體的案件糾紛呢？筆者選取一例建設工程設計合同糾紛，詳細分析要件事實理論在其中的適用，并總結(jié)和提煉出所反映的問題。鑒于實體法與程序法相輔相成，要件事實理論的發(fā)展也離不開實體法理論的研究，因此，筆者結(jié)合民法理論中的公平原則，提出在公平原則指導下要件事實理論的發(fā)展和完善。 本文主要從以下幾個方面對要件事實理論在建設工程合同糾紛中的應用進行了闡述。第一部分是理論闡述，首先概述了要件事實理論，包括該理論的緣起、概念、特征、作用以及相關的其他法律概念。其次本文著重論述要件事實理論中的主張責任和釋明權(quán)。主張責任理論是要件事實重要的理論，其不僅為民事訴訟當事人設定了攻擊防御體系，更是在要件事實無法認定時為法官提供了審理裁判的依據(jù)。釋明權(quán)是訴訟指揮權(quán)的重要組成部分，在不影響法官超然中立性地位的前提下，平衡當事人之間的訴訟能力，引導訴訟的進程，防止“投機性訴訟”。第二部分以建設工程合同為切入點，結(jié)合要件事實理論，對該類型合同涉及的相關法條進行分析，提煉出法條中的訴訟標的，明晰其中的要件事實（包括請求原因事實與抗辯事實）。第三部分中，筆者選取了一起建設工程設計合同糾紛案件法官的審理認定情況，通過對案件判決的分析，找出其中存在的問題和值得借鑒的地方。第四部分，筆者對民法中的公平原則進行了論述，包括概述、適用、局限性和功能。對于本文案例中存在的有關要件事實理論問題，筆者結(jié)合公平原則，提出了相應的發(fā)展和完善途徑。第一，明確具體糾紛中的要件事實，為當事人的主張責任提供公平的基礎和實施途徑，并且保證各當事人在糾紛中具有平等的地位。第二，通過法官釋明權(quán)的行使，輔之以專家證人的意見或解釋，避免在案件審理過程中由于涉及知識的專業(yè)性而導致的實質(zhì)上的不公平。以公平原則為總領方針，完善合同糾紛審理過程中的要件事實理論，以推動具體案件審理結(jié)果的公平、公正，正確發(fā)揮要件事實理論在司法實踐中的指導作用。
[Abstract]:The theory of essential facts is an important theory in the law of civil procedure, which has a guiding role in the practice of civil procedure, and is also a "bridge" between civil substantive law and procedural law. The essential facts in the civil substantive law can be embodied through the procedure, and the procedure itself can solve the deficiency of the application of the substantive law. The claim responsibility and interpretation right in the theory of essential facts provide a "field" for the parties to carry out civil action, set up the rules of defense against attack, and guide them to carry out the defense of attack in a correct way. Any theory needs to be applied to practice and guide practice, so how to apply the theory of facts to deal with a specific case dispute? The author selects a case of contract dispute of construction engineering design, analyzes the application of the essentials theory in detail, and summarizes and abstracts the problems reflected. Since substantive law and procedural law complement each other and the development of the theory of essential facts is inseparable from the study of the theory of substantive law, the author puts forward the development and perfection of the theory of essential facts under the guidance of the principle of equity in the light of the principle of fairness in the theory of civil law. This paper expounds the application of the essentials fact theory in the contract dispute of construction project from the following aspects. The first part is the theoretical elaboration. Firstly, it summarizes the theory of facts of the elements, including the origin, concept, characteristics, function and other relevant legal concepts of the theory. Secondly, this paper focuses on the claim responsibility and interpretation right in the theory of essential facts. The theory of claim liability is an important theory of important elements fact, which not only sets up a defense system for the civil litigants, but also provides a basis for the judge to judge when the important facts cannot be confirmed. The right of interpretation is an important part of the command power of litigation. On the premise of not affecting the detached neutral position of the judge, it can balance the litigant ability between the parties, guide the process of litigation and prevent "speculative litigation". The second part takes the construction project contract as the breakthrough point, unifies the essential element fact theory, carries on the analysis to this kind of contract related law article, abstracts out the lawsuit object in the law article, In the third part, the author selects a construction project design contract dispute case judge's hearing confirmation situation, through the analysis to the case judgment, finds out the existence question and the worthy reference place. In the fourth part, the author discusses the principle of fairness in civil law, including the summary, application, limitation and function. In this paper, the author puts forward the corresponding ways of development and perfection in combination with the principle of fairness. The first is to clarify the facts of the elements in the specific dispute, to provide a fair basis and implementation way for the parties to claim responsibility, and to ensure the equal status of the parties in the dispute. Second, through the exercise of the judge's right of interpretation, supplemented by the opinions or explanations of expert witnesses, the substantive unfairness caused by the professional nature of knowledge in the trial of the case should be avoided. Taking the principle of fairness as the general guiding principle, we should perfect the theory of essential facts in the trial of contract disputes, so as to promote the fairness and fairness of the trial results of specific cases, and give full play to the guiding role of the theory of essential facts in the judicial practice.
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.1

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本文編號：2076873