本文選題：刑事瑕疵證據(jù) + 適用　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：瑕疵證據(jù)作為一種介于合法證據(jù)與非法證據(jù)之間的特殊的證據(jù)形式,在我國(guó)的司法實(shí)踐中一直廣泛存在,但是由于長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)我國(guó)關(guān)于瑕疵證據(jù)的法律規(guī)定存在空白,使得對(duì)于瑕疵證據(jù)的研究只是停留在理論層面,并且研究的深度與廣度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如對(duì)非法證據(jù)的研究成熟和完善。《關(guān)于辦理死刑案件審查判斷證據(jù)若干問(wèn)題的規(guī)定》(下文稱(chēng)《辦理死刑案件證據(jù)規(guī)定》)和《關(guān)于辦理刑事案件排除非法證據(jù)若干問(wèn)題的規(guī)定》(下文稱(chēng)《非法證據(jù)排除規(guī)定》)的出臺(tái)(統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為“兩個(gè)《證據(jù)規(guī)定》”),使得我國(guó)對(duì)刑事瑕疵證據(jù)相關(guān)問(wèn)題的研究不再是無(wú)源之水,而是具備了法律上的依據(jù)和基礎(chǔ)。本文參考“兩個(gè)《證據(jù)規(guī)定》”的相關(guān)條文,通過(guò)五個(gè)部分的內(nèi)容對(duì)刑事瑕疵證據(jù)適用的相關(guān)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了闡述： 第一部分介紹了刑事瑕疵證據(jù)的界定,首先,筆者列舉了目前學(xué)界關(guān)于瑕疵證據(jù)概念的幾種有代表性的觀(guān)點(diǎn),然后通過(guò)對(duì)各種觀(guān)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)析,進(jìn)而對(duì)瑕疵證據(jù)的概念做出了界定。其次,從客觀(guān)性、關(guān)聯(lián)性、輕微違法性和可轉(zhuǎn)化性四個(gè)維度介紹了瑕疵證據(jù)所具有的特點(diǎn),接下來(lái)通過(guò)將瑕疵證據(jù)和非法證據(jù)作對(duì)比,指出瑕疵證據(jù)和非法證據(jù)之間的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系。最后,為加深對(duì)瑕疵證據(jù)的理解和認(rèn)識(shí),對(duì)其進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的分類(lèi)。 第二部分通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)要分析我國(guó)、德國(guó)、美國(guó)和其他幾個(gè)主要國(guó)家在司法實(shí)踐中對(duì)瑕疵證據(jù)持寬容態(tài)度,說(shuō)明刑事瑕疵證據(jù)在兩大法系國(guó)家中都有適用的空間,并且刑事瑕疵證據(jù)的適用是各種價(jià)值相互作用的結(jié)果,其存在價(jià)值可以從司法公正與訴訟效率之統(tǒng)一、嚴(yán)格證明與自由證明之融合、實(shí)體正義與程序正義之平衡這三個(gè)角度進(jìn)行考里。 第三部分主要是對(duì)瑕疵證據(jù)的證據(jù)能力問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探析。對(duì)于瑕疵證據(jù)的證據(jù)能力問(wèn)題,學(xué)界的觀(guān)點(diǎn)概括起來(lái)主要有完全排除說(shuō)、全面肯定說(shuō)、折中說(shuō)、補(bǔ)正說(shuō)四種。筆者分別對(duì)四種觀(guān)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了評(píng)析,并且贊同補(bǔ)正說(shuō)主張的瑕疵證據(jù)的證據(jù)能力效力待定的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。另外筆者從契約的角度對(duì)瑕疵證據(jù)的證據(jù)能力進(jìn)行探討,對(duì)構(gòu)建證據(jù)能力契約使瑕疵證據(jù)具備證據(jù)能力進(jìn)行可行性分析,以新的視角再論瑕疵證據(jù)的證據(jù)能力效力待定。 第四部分對(duì)我國(guó)刑事瑕疵證據(jù)在立法層面的不完善之處和在司法實(shí)踐過(guò)程中適用時(shí)可能存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探討。立法層面我國(guó)存在著瑕疵證據(jù)的適用范圍過(guò)于狹窄、與非法證據(jù)的界限模糊、轉(zhuǎn)化方式不具體、法律對(duì)適用程序無(wú)明確規(guī)定等問(wèn)題。司法實(shí)踐層面,以王朝搶劫案為引子,分析了司法實(shí)踐中存在的偵查機(jī)關(guān)依法取證意識(shí)不強(qiáng)、瑕疵證據(jù)采納標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不統(tǒng)一、人權(quán)保障不到位、公檢法機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)瑕疵證據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化的主動(dòng)性不足等問(wèn)題。 第五部分對(duì)完善我國(guó)刑事瑕疵證據(jù)的適用提出建議。首先,在將瑕疵證據(jù)應(yīng)用于司法實(shí)踐的過(guò)程中,遵循宏觀(guān)的原則是非常有必要的,與此同時(shí),必須明確瑕疵證據(jù)在轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程中應(yīng)當(dāng)具有可操作性的規(guī)則。其次,要保障被追訴人的知情權(quán)和辯護(hù)律師充分行使權(quán)利,并且要實(shí)現(xiàn)偵查權(quán)的優(yōu)化配置。再次,參照非法證據(jù)排除的規(guī)定,明確了瑕疵證據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化的程序。最后,要對(duì)相關(guān)的配套措施加以完善。
[Abstract]:As a kind of special evidence between legal evidence and illegal evidence , the evidence of flaw lies in the judicial practice of our country .

The first part introduces the definition of the evidence of criminal flaws . First , the author lists several representative opinions about the concept of flaw evidence , then defines the concept of the flaw evidence . Secondly , the author points out the differences and connections between the flaw evidence and the illegal evidence from the four dimensions of objectivity , relevance , minor illegality and convertible . Finally , it makes a simple classification to deepen the understanding and understanding of the flaw evidence .

In the second part , the author analyzes our country , Germany , the United States and several other major countries in the judicial practice . It shows that the evidence of criminal flaw lies in the two countries of the law system , and the application of the evidence of criminal flaw lies in the result of the interaction of various values . The existence value of the evidence can be divided into three aspects : the unification of the judicial fairness and the efficiency of the litigation , the strict proof and the balance of the entity justice and the procedural justice .

The third part mainly probes into the evidence ability of the flaw evidence . In view of the evidence ability of the flaw evidence , the view of the academic circle is generally ruled out , and the author points out that there are four kinds of evidence . In addition , the author discusses the four opinions , and agrees with the viewpoint that the evidence ability of the evidence of the flaw lies to be determined . In addition , the author discusses the evidence ability of the evidence ability contract from the angle of contract , and makes a feasibility analysis on the evidence ability of the evidence ability contract , and then discusses the evidence ability of the flaw evidence with the new visual angle .

The fourth part discusses the imperfection of the evidence of criminal flaw in our country and the possible problems in the course of judicial practice .

The fifth part makes some suggestions on perfecting the application of the evidence of criminal flaw in China . First , it is necessary to follow the macro principle in the process of applying the flaw evidence to the judicial practice . At the same time , it is necessary to make clear the rules of the maneuverability in the process of transformation . Secondly , to guarantee the right of the person to be prosecuted and the defense lawyer to fully exercise their rights , and to realize the optimal disposition of the investigation right .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D925.23

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