發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-14 17:12

  本文選題：證人出庭作證 + 證人保護(hù)　； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在我國(guó)刑事訴訟法體系中,證人出庭作證制度是證據(jù)法的重要組成部分,要求證人出庭作證成為很多國(guó)家的選擇,更是對(duì)當(dāng)下我國(guó)審判實(shí)踐的客觀要求。目前證人保護(hù)制度在域外的許多國(guó)家早已被條文化、規(guī)范化,在強(qiáng)調(diào)刑事證人出庭作證是現(xiàn)代公民的責(zé)任的同時(shí),國(guó)家對(duì)于證人利益的保護(hù)工作也不能忽視。1996年《刑事訴訟法》作出了庭審方式向“控辯式”轉(zhuǎn)變的重大改革,即要求由控辯雙方各自提供主張和證據(jù),中立的法官和陪審員則根據(jù)雙方的證據(jù)和主張來認(rèn)定案件事實(shí)和適用法律。要求證人出庭接受控辯雙方質(zhì)詢,是對(duì)抗式庭審的必然要求。然而由于法律法規(guī)不健全、社會(huì)和證人自身等多方面的原因,目前刑事證人出庭率偏低,證人不敢更不愿出庭已成為我國(guó)刑事審判活動(dòng)的一大隱憂。證人不愿出庭作證不僅打破了控辯雙方之間應(yīng)有的力量平衡,更可能踐踏被告方的合法權(quán)益,使其得不到公正的判決。故此,筆者認(rèn)為有必要對(duì)我國(guó)刑事證人出庭作證制度的構(gòu)建和完善作一些比較全面、深入的思考,從立法、司法和社會(huì)等方面分析產(chǎn)生當(dāng)前存在的某些問題的原因,并提出自己對(duì)如何完善證人出庭作證制度的一些粗淺看法。本文主要分為四個(gè)部分。第一部分基本概念和證人出庭作證的價(jià)值理論的闡述。證人可以到庭接受控辯雙方的質(zhì)詢,有助于法官直觀判斷,進(jìn)行全面的分析,對(duì)案件事實(shí)準(zhǔn)確判定,從而作出公正的判決。這不但是直接言詞的要求,更有利于維護(hù)我國(guó)被告人的合法權(quán)利,提高我國(guó)的訴訟效率,推動(dòng)我國(guó)庭審模式的逐步完善。第二部分從2013年新《刑事訴訟法》的適用為背景來分析我國(guó)刑事證人出庭作證率長(zhǎng)期較低的現(xiàn)狀及其原因。我國(guó)刑事證人出庭率極低,其嚴(yán)重阻礙了法院庭審方式的革新。因而,解決證人出庭作證難的困境刻不容緩。要解決這一問題,就必然要分析問題產(chǎn)生的原因,從法律法規(guī)尚不健全、司法機(jī)關(guān)忽視和中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)“厭訟”思想的影響三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的論證。第三部分通過比較分析普通法系和大陸法系國(guó)家的刑事證人出庭作證制度,介紹了其證人出庭作證制度的特色規(guī)范,包括證人出庭作證的資格、強(qiáng)制證人到庭及其拒絕出庭的后果、對(duì)證人出庭作證的經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償、對(duì)證人人身安全保護(hù)的政策和污點(diǎn)證人作證豁免制度五個(gè)方面,接著得出可以為我國(guó)法律的借鑒之處。第四部分是筆者通過總結(jié)問題和分析域外國(guó)家法的經(jīng)驗(yàn),從而提出對(duì)構(gòu)建和完善當(dāng)前我國(guó)刑事證人出庭作證制度的一些看法。我國(guó)刑事證人出庭率低,筆者認(rèn)為關(guān)鍵就在于我國(guó)對(duì)證人出庭作證的相關(guān)法律工作不到位和予以支撐的制度保障力度不夠。為有效解決這一問題,筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)從立法和司法方面進(jìn)行分析。首先是立法層面的完善,主要詳細(xì)介紹了關(guān)鍵證人的對(duì)象和范圍,以及強(qiáng)制證人出庭的意義和價(jià)值。其次是證人保護(hù)措施的介紹,在現(xiàn)有法律規(guī)定的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行完善。接著是經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償制度的規(guī)范和細(xì)化,主要是實(shí)際的操作流程。此外就是借鑒普通法國(guó)家的污點(diǎn)證人的作證制度,試論在我國(guó)構(gòu)建此制度的可能性。要改善我國(guó)證人出庭作證率低的現(xiàn)狀,應(yīng)將著力點(diǎn)放在完善刑事證人出庭作證制度上。因此,筆者認(rèn)為,在新《刑事訴訟法》的落實(shí)中,通過司法機(jī)關(guān)出臺(tái)司法解釋的方式讓我國(guó)的證人出庭作證制度的相關(guān)規(guī)范得到完整地落實(shí),改善長(zhǎng)期以來的證人出庭率低的境況。
[Abstract]:In the system of criminal procedure law of China, the system of witness appearing in court is an important part of the evidence law. It requires the witness to testify in court as the choice of many countries, and it is the objective requirement of the trial practice of our country. At present, the witness protection system has been cultured and standardized in many foreign countries, emphasizing the appearance of the witness in court. It is the responsibility of the modern citizen to testify, and the protection of the interests of the witness can not be neglected by the state in the protection of the interests of the witness in.1996. The reform of the way of trial to the "accusation and defense" is made by the criminal procedure law. That is to say, the two parties should provide their own opinions and evidence, and the judges and jurors who are neutral are recognized according to the evidence and claims of both parties. The fact and applicable law of the case are required. It is an inevitable requirement for the confrontation court to ask the witness to be questioned by the accusation and defense. However, because of the unsound laws and regulations, and the many reasons such as the society and the witness itself, the rate of witness appearing in court is low at present, and the witness is not afraid to appear in court and has become a major concern for the criminal trial activities of our country. The reluctance of a person to testify not only breaks the balance of power between the two parties, but also trampling the legitimate rights and interests of the accused, so that it can not get a fair judgment. Therefore, I think it is necessary to make some more comprehensive and thorough thinking on the construction and perfection of the system of witness testimony in our country, from legislation, judicature and society. This paper analyzes the reasons for the existing problems and puts forward some superficial views on how to improve the system of witness appearing in court. This article is divided into four parts. The first part is the basic concept and the value theory of witness appearing in court. The witness can answer the questions from the controlled plea and help the judge to be intuitionistic. To judge, make a comprehensive analysis, make a accurate judgment of the facts of the case, and make a fair judgment. This is not only the requirement of direct words, but also more conducive to maintaining the legal rights of the accused in our country, improving the efficiency of our country's litigation, and promoting the gradual perfection of the mode of trial in our country. The second part is from the background of the application of the new "Criminal Procedure Law" in 2013. The present situation and the reasons for the low rate of testimony in court in our country are analyzed. The rate of witness appearing in court is very low in our country, which has seriously hindered the reform of court trial. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the difficult dilemma of witness appearing in court. The three aspects of the neglect of the judicial organs and the influence of the Chinese traditional "weariness of litigation" were discussed in detail. The third part, by comparing and analyzing the system of witness appearing in court in the common law and civil law countries, introduced the characteristics of the system of witness appearing in court, including the qualifications of witnesses to testify in court and compulsory witnesses to appear in court. And the consequences of his refusal to appear in court, the economic compensation for witnesses to testify in court, the five aspects of the policy of witness safety protection and the exemption system of witness testimony, and then to draw lessons that can be used for reference in the law of our country. The fourth part is the author's construction and improvement by summarizing the problems and analyzing the experience of the foreign domestic law in the domain. At present, there are some views on the system of witness appearing in court in our country. The rate of criminal witness in our country is low. The key is that the legal work of witness appearing in court in our country is not enough and the system support is not enough. In order to solve this problem effectively, the author thinks that it should be analyzed from the legislative and judicial aspects. The first is the perfection of the legislative level, which mainly introduces the object and scope of the key witnesses, and the significance and value of the compulsory witness appearing in court. Secondly, the introduction of the witness protection measures is introduced on the basis of the existing laws. Then, the standardization and refinement of the economic compensation system, mainly the actual operation process. In order to improve the present situation of the low rate of witness appearing in court in our country, we should focus on improving the system of witness appearing in court in the criminal court. Therefore, the author believes that in the implementation of the new law of criminal procedure, judicial interpretations are issued by the judiciary. The way to make the relevant norms of the system of witness appearing in court in China has been fully implemented, and the situation of low attendance of witnesses has been improved for a long time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D925.2

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