發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-14 17:11

  本文選題：刑事被害人諒解 + 定罪功能��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：刑事被害人一直是傳統(tǒng)刑法學(xué)研究的盲點(diǎn),而被害人權(quán)利保障運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起與被害人在刑事訴訟中地位的提升,迫切要求刑法中的相關(guān)理論與被害人融合,以滿足刑事一體化發(fā)展的需要�？v觀各種刑法學(xué)教科書,從編寫的篇章體例上看,大多以刑法總論和刑法分論為主線,從研究的主要內(nèi)容看,包括了犯罪論和刑罰論。在刑法學(xué)教科書中沒有對(duì)被害人專門加以分析。刑法總論在排除犯罪性行為中提到了被害人承諾行為,在刑法分論中被害人行為可能影響到個(gè)罪的成立。作為教材的刑法學(xué)采用這種編寫體例自然具有合理性,但對(duì)被害人的忽略長(zhǎng)期以來也導(dǎo)致被害人因素在刑法學(xué)研究和司法實(shí)踐中的混亂。被害人諒解的研究彌補(bǔ)了被害人態(tài)度這一罪后因素在犯罪論和刑罰論中研究的不足。國(guó)內(nèi)關(guān)于刑事被害人事后態(tài)度和行為的研究始于刑事和解,來源于西方國(guó)家方興未艾的恢復(fù)性司法理念。21世紀(jì)以來恢復(fù)性司法研究在我國(guó)起步并很快得以發(fā)展,其存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)是對(duì)被害人權(quán)利保護(hù)的關(guān)注和刑事司法在預(yù)防和改造犯罪人方面的失敗。直至2012年新刑事訴訟法的頒布,長(zhǎng)久以來關(guān)于恢復(fù)性司法理念指導(dǎo)下的刑事和解是否能夠在我國(guó)推行才終于有了結(jié)論。刑事訴訟法規(guī)定了公訴案件中的刑事和解程序。然作為刑事和解核心的被害人諒解在刑法中的研究卻沒能緊跟訴訟法研究的步伐。在社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)語境下,刑事和解更加強(qiáng)調(diào)加害方與被害方在第三方調(diào)�；蚪M織下平和的解決刑事糾紛,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)司法機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)犯罪嫌疑人、被告人不再追究刑事責(zé)任或者減輕刑事責(zé)任。缺乏對(duì)被害人諒解的深入研究,刑事和解將成為無源之水,無本之木。本文共五個(gè)部分,字?jǐn)?shù)約50000字,其主要內(nèi)容如下:第一部分是關(guān)于刑事被害人諒解的概述。這一部分筆者首先分析了刑事被害人與諒解的含義,并在此基礎(chǔ)上引出了刑事被害人諒解的概念,明確指出本文研究的刑事被害人諒解屬于制度化的被害人諒解。對(duì)概念的闡述僅能夠明確概念的內(nèi)涵,還要通過與其他概念的比較才能明確概念的外延。因此,緊接刑事被害人概念,筆者對(duì)被害人諒解、被害人同意、刑事和解進(jìn)行了辨析,以便在相似的法律制度中確定研究的中心。第二部分是關(guān)于刑事被害人諒解與刑法基本原則的契合。這一部分筆者首先分析了刑事被害人諒解的法律屬性,指出刑事被害人諒解屬于被害人的一項(xiàng)權(quán)利,國(guó)家可以讓渡一部分刑罰權(quán)給被害人供其自由處分。刑法是國(guó)家行使刑罰權(quán)的基礎(chǔ),被害人諒解要對(duì)刑罰權(quán)產(chǎn)生影響就必然要引入到刑法理論體系之中。刑法基本原則是刑法的靈魂,也是被害人諒解引入刑法的理論基礎(chǔ)。筆者在這一部分重點(diǎn)分析了被害人諒解如何與刑法三大基本原則契合。第三部分是關(guān)于刑事被害人諒解與定罪量刑。這一部分筆者對(duì)刑事被害人諒解的不同類型做了簡(jiǎn)要分析,作為研究被害人諒解刑法功能的前提。而后闡述了被害人諒解影響定罪與量刑的基礎(chǔ),即被害人諒解與社會(huì)危害性的關(guān)系。在刑事被害人諒解的定罪功能上,筆者指出了被害人諒解在輕微刑事案件中的出罪功能,并分析了出罪功能的具體表現(xiàn);在刑事被害人諒解的量刑功能上,筆者分析了被害人諒解對(duì)是否判處刑罰、刑罰的種類、刑罰的輕重、是否判處緩刑、是否判處死刑的影響。第四部分是關(guān)于我國(guó)刑事被害人諒解實(shí)施的現(xiàn)狀。這一部分筆者通過立法與司法兩個(gè)角度闡述被害人諒解的現(xiàn)狀。首先,在立法上分析了被害人諒解在刑法典、刑事訴訟法以及司法解釋中的地位,并指出了我國(guó)目前關(guān)于刑事被害人諒解立法的不足。其次,在司法上分析了刑事被害人諒解司法認(rèn)定不規(guī)范、量刑從輕不規(guī)范的問題。第五部分是關(guān)于刑事被害人諒解的完善。這一部分與第四部分對(duì)應(yīng),還是從立法與司法上完善刑事被害人諒解制度。在立法上,完善相關(guān)法律制度,明確刑事被害人諒解的出罪功能。具體通過賦予公安機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)被害人諒解輕微刑事案件不予立案或撤銷案件的權(quán)利,將輕微刑事案件中的被害人諒解作為酌定不起訴或暫緩起訴的條件等措施實(shí)現(xiàn)。在司法上,從刑事被害人諒解的司法認(rèn)定、被害人諒解審查和監(jiān)督入手。
[Abstract]:The criminal victim has always been a blind spot in the study of traditional criminal law, and the rise of the rights protection movement of the victim and the promotion of the victim's status in the criminal procedure, the urgent demand for the integration of relevant theories and victims in criminal law in order to meet the needs of the development of criminal integration. Most of the main contents of the criminal law and criminal law are the main line, including the main contents of the study, including the theory of crime and the theory of punishment. There is no special analysis of the victims in the textbooks of criminal law. The general theory of Criminal Law mentioned the committed behavior of the victims in the exclusion of criminal acts, and the behavior of the victims in the criminal law may affect the establishment of a crime. The use of this type of criminal law as a textbook is reasonable, but the neglect of the victim has long led to the confusion of the victim's factors in the study of criminal law and the judicial practice. The research on the victim's understanding has made up for the lack of the attitude of the victim in the theory of crime and the theory of punishment. The research on the attitude and behavior of the criminal victim of the victim begins with the criminal reconciliation. It comes from the rising judicial ideas of the western countries. The restorative judicial research has started in China since the.21 century, and it has been rapidly developed in our country. The real foundation of its existence is the protection of the rights of the victims and the criminal justice in the prevention and reform of the criminals. Failure until the promulgation of the new criminal procedure law in 2012, for a long time, whether the criminal reconciliation under the guidance of the concept of restorative justice can be implemented in our country has finally reached a conclusion. The criminal procedure law stipulates the criminal reconciliation procedure in the case of public prosecution. However, the research on the victim understanding in the criminal law is not the case in the criminal law. In the context of the socialist harmonious society, in the context of the socialist harmonious society, the criminal reconciliation emphasizes the settlement of criminal disputes between the injuring party and the injured party in the third parties' mediation or organization. In the end, the judicial organ will not be prosecuted for criminal responsibility or mitigate criminal responsibility. In depth study, criminal reconciliation will become a passive water, no wood. This article is a total of five parts, the number of words is about 50000 words, the main contents are as follows: the first part is a summary of the understanding of the criminal victim. It is clearly pointed out that the criminal victim understanding in this paper belongs to the institutionalized victim understanding. The definition of the concept can only clarify the connotation of the concept, and the extension of the concept can be clearly defined by comparing with other concepts. Therefore, the concept of the criminal victim is followed by the criminal victim understanding, the victim's consent and the criminal reconciliation. Analysis, in order to determine the center of research in the similar legal system. The second part is about the agreement between the criminal victim's understanding and the basic principles of the criminal law. This part of the author first analyzes the legal attributes of the criminal victim's understanding, and points out that the criminal victim is a right to the victim, and the state can give out part of the penalty right to the victim. The victim is free to dispose of. The criminal law is the basis for the state to exercise the right of punishment. The understanding of the victim will inevitably be introduced into the theoretical system of criminal law. The basic principle of the criminal law is the soul of the criminal law and the theoretical basis of the victim's understanding to the criminal law. In this part, the author focuses on the analysis of the understanding of the victims. In conjunction with the three basic principles of criminal law. The third part is about the criminal victim's understanding and conviction and sentencing. This part of the author makes a brief analysis of the different types of understanding of the criminal victim, as the prerequisite for the study of the criminal law function of the victim, and then expounds the basis of the victim understanding affecting the conviction and sentencing, that is, the victim understanding and the victim's understanding. The relationship of social harmfulness. On the criminalization function of the criminal victim's understanding, the author points out the crime function of the victim's understanding in the minor criminal cases, and analyzes the specific performance of the crime function. In the criminal victim's understanding of the punishment function, the author analyses whether the victim's understanding is sentenced to punishment, the kind of penalty and the penalty. The fourth part is about the status of the criminal victim understanding and implementation in our country. The author expounds the status of the victim's understanding through two angles of legislation and judicature. First, the author analyzes the victim understanding in the criminal code, the criminal procedure law and the judicial interpretation. In the fifth part, the fifth part is about the perfection of the criminal victim's understanding. This part corresponds to the fourth part, or the legislation and the judicature to perfect the criminal. The victim understanding system. In legislation, the legal system should be perfected to clarify the crime function of the criminal victim's understanding. By giving the public security organs the right to not file a case or revoke the case for the victim's understanding of the minor criminal cases, the victim understanding in the minor criminal case is taken as the condition for the discretionary non prosecution or the reprieve of the prosecution. In judicial practice, starting from the judicial determination of the understanding of the victim's victim and the review and supervision of the victim's understanding.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D925.2
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本文編號(hào)：2018288