本文選題：審判中心主義 + 強制出庭��； 參考：《寧波大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：黨的十八屆四中全會通過的《中共中央關于全面推進依法治國若干重大問題的決定》(以下簡稱《決定》)提出推進“以審判為中心”的訴訟制度改革,要求發(fā)揮刑事訴訟中庭審的實質(zhì)作用。庭審中的主要作用就要認定證據(jù),而證人出庭率低一直是困擾我國刑事司法的重要難題。除了我國公民本身厭訴、息訴的訴訟傳統(tǒng)外,偵查、檢察和審判機關在刑事訴訟中形成的職能趨同性是刑事審判中證人出庭率低的主要原因。2012年修改的《刑事訴訟法》新增了證人強制出庭作證制度,但是在實踐中并沒有被有效采用。這是因為首先在刑事司法領域中沒有形成“以審判為中心”的理念及證人強制出庭作證制度的形成基礎,導致我國現(xiàn)行制度在司法實踐中很難運行,存在很多問題。本文通過分析實踐中我國證人強制出庭制度存在的問題以及對域外制度的考察,得出完善我國證人強制出庭制度要轉(zhuǎn)變相關的固有理念,明確證人范圍以及法律后果,加強證人保障措施。本文第一部分,分析了審判中心主義下刑事證人強制出庭制度的背景及現(xiàn)狀。首先,明確審判中心主義的提出背景及改革方向。在我國刑事司法實踐中缺乏審判中心主義觀念,其實質(zhì)是庭審作用在刑事司法程序中的缺失。因此,推進審判中心主義的刑事訴訟制度改革毋庸置疑。其次,進一步闡述刑事證人強制出庭作證的制度的形成基礎及意義。最后,分析我國刑事證人強制出庭制度的現(xiàn)狀。本文第二部分,分析審判中心主義理念下我國刑事證人強制出庭現(xiàn)有制度及實踐操作性中存在的問題。主要從以下幾個方面:立法的原則性未明確及存在的矛盾、證人強制出庭作證的范圍狹窄、證人拒不作證的法律后果的缺失以及證人保護和補償制度的不健全。本文第三部分,比較英美法系與大陸法系各國家和地區(qū)的理論及立法規(guī)定的差異,并加以評論,提出我國在審判中心主義下完善刑事證人強制出庭制度的司法需求及可行經(jīng)驗。本文第四部分,基于以上三部分的分析了解,提出筆者對審判中心主義下完善我國刑事證人出庭制度的建議。首先,樹立“以審判為中心”的刑事司法理念。其次,實行直接言辭原則與傳聞證據(jù)規(guī)則。再次,確立我國刑事證人強制出庭作證的范圍。即應當出庭作證的證人范圍及對司法權的抑制。同時,健全證人拒不作證的法律強制措施和程序。這主要是考慮該制度在司法實務中的可行性。最后,完善我國證人保護及經(jīng)濟補償制度,使得證人出庭作證盡量減少其后顧之憂,鼓勵其主動出庭作證。
[Abstract]:The "decision of the CPC Central Committee on comprehensively promoting the Rule of Law on several important issues" (hereinafter referred to as "decision") adopted by the fourth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposes to promote the reform of the litigation system of "taking trial as the center". To give play to the substantive role of trial in criminal proceedings. The main function of the trial is to identify the evidence, and the low attendance rate of witnesses has always been an important problem puzzling the criminal justice in our country. In addition to the litigation tradition of our citizens, which is tired of litigation and interest, investigation, The convergence of functions between procuratorial and judicial organs in criminal proceedings is the main reason for the low attendance rate of witnesses in criminal trials. The Criminal procedure Law, which was amended in 2012, has added the system of compulsory attendance of witnesses to testify in court. But it is not used effectively in practice. This is because, first of all, the concept of "taking trial as the center" and the foundation of the system of compulsory witness appearing in court are not formed in the field of criminal justice, which leads to the fact that the current system of our country is very difficult to run in the judicial practice, and there are many problems. Based on the analysis of the problems existing in the system of compulsory appearance of witnesses in our country and the investigation of the extraterritorial system in practice, this paper draws a conclusion that the perfection of the system of compulsory attendance of witnesses in China should change the relevant inherent concepts, clarify the scope of witnesses and the legal consequences. Strengthen witness protection measures. The first part of this paper analyzes the background and present situation of the compulsory appearance of criminal witnesses under the doctrine of trial center. First of all, make clear the background and reform direction of trial centralism. In our country's criminal judicial practice, the lack of the concept of trial centralism, its essence is the lack of the role of the trial in the criminal justice process. Therefore, there is no doubt that the reform of the criminal procedure system to promote the trial center doctrine. Secondly, the formation basis and significance of the system of compulsory appearance of criminal witnesses are further elaborated. Finally, the paper analyzes the current situation of the compulsory appearance of criminal witnesses in our country. In the second part, the author analyzes the problems existing in the existing system and practical operation of the compulsory appearance of criminal witnesses in China under the concept of trial centrism. Mainly from the following aspects: the principle of legislation is not clear and there are contradictions, witnesses forced to testify in a narrow range, the lack of legal consequences of witness refusal to testify, and witness protection and compensation system is not perfect. In the third part of this paper, the author compares the differences between the common law system and the continental law system countries and regions, and comments on the judicial needs and practical experience of perfecting the compulsory court attendance system of criminal witnesses under the doctrine of judicial centralism in our country. The fourth part of this paper, based on the above three parts of the analysis and understanding, the author of the trial center doctrine to improve the system of criminal witnesses in court. First of all, set up the criminal justice idea of "taking the trial as the center". Secondly, implement the principle of direct words and hearsay evidence rules. Thirdly, to establish the scope of compulsory testimony of criminal witnesses in our country. That is, the scope of witnesses who should testify in court and the suppression of judicial power. At the same time, improve the legal coercive measures and procedures for witnesses refusing to testify. This is mainly to consider the feasibility of the system in judicial practice. Finally, we should perfect the system of witness protection and economic compensation, make the witness appear in court as much as possible to reduce their worries, and encourage them to take the initiative to testify in court.
【學位授予單位】：寧波大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D925.2

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本文編號：1930492