發(fā)布時間：2018-05-11 23:24

  本文選題：刑事錯案 + 預(yù)審��； 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：刑事錯案屢禁不止,既極大損害司法的公信力,又阻礙民眾樹立司法公正的信仰。而我國的刑事錯案多肇始于偵查階段,因此,本文擬就偵查階段刑事錯案的形成原因作出分析,并提出對應(yīng)的控制建議。本文整體共分為三個部分:本文第一部分主要是界定刑事錯案的定義并確定偵查階段刑事錯案的具體范圍�；阱e案的學(xué)理爭論及刑事錯案的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),筆者將刑事錯案簡單認(rèn)定為刑事司法機(jī)關(guān)錯誤認(rèn)定事實、適用法律或者嚴(yán)重違反法定程序并且因該司法活動導(dǎo)致當(dāng)事人的不利益并由后續(xù)司法環(huán)節(jié)予以形式意義上否定的案件,并對刑事錯案依據(jù)不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行若干分類,在這個基礎(chǔ)上得出結(jié)論,偵查階段刑事錯案應(yīng)該包括兩個部分,單一偵查環(huán)節(jié)刑事錯案和錯誤肇始于偵查環(huán)節(jié)且為后續(xù)環(huán)節(jié)不斷重復(fù)該錯誤的刑事錯案。第二部分主要就偵查階段刑事錯案發(fā)生的制度原因進(jìn)行分析。根據(jù)第一部分的結(jié)論,筆者將公安偵查系統(tǒng)作為分析主體,先從內(nèi)部層面了解導(dǎo)致刑事錯案發(fā)生的制度因素,包括預(yù)審制度監(jiān)督功能消退、內(nèi)部監(jiān)督體系流于形式、績效考評制度不科學(xué)及偵查人員培訓(xùn)制度不成熟等;繼而就外部層面也就是刑事訴訟立法角度分析,認(rèn)為主要是以下制度問題導(dǎo)致的,分別包括偵查行為規(guī)定不完善、實務(wù)中形成"由人到案"的偵查模式、辯護(hù)制度弱效化、檢察監(jiān)督缺乏剛性等要素。第三部分為本文的核心內(nèi)容,筆者在該部分嘗試建立偵查階段刑事錯案的控制機(jī)制,首先我國應(yīng)該在立法和實務(wù)中確定"完全的"無罪推定原則和強(qiáng)制偵查法定原則;其次,在上述原則的指導(dǎo)下,就刑事錯案控制機(jī)制的微觀層面分析,筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)從完善預(yù)審制度、建立科學(xué)合理的績效考評制度、偏重法律素養(yǎng)培訓(xùn)三個方面著手;最后,筆者從建立刑事錯案控制路徑的宏觀層面考慮,著眼于我國的刑事訴訟構(gòu)造,擬對公、檢、法三者的關(guān)系作出一定調(diào)整,提出建立偵查階段司法審查制度、保障偵查期間辯護(hù)實效化和強(qiáng)化檢察監(jiān)督等建議。期待控制機(jī)制內(nèi)外共同發(fā)揮作用,推進(jìn)審判中心主義改革,從制度上盡最大可能控制刑事錯案的發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:Criminal malpractice is not only harmful to the credibility of the judiciary, but also hinders the people to establish the belief of judicial justice. However, the criminal error cases in our country start from the investigation stage. Therefore, this paper analyzes the reasons for the formation of the criminal wrong cases in the investigation stage, and puts forward the corresponding control suggestions. This paper is divided into three parts as a whole: the first part is to define the definition of criminal error and determine the specific scope of criminal error in the investigation stage. On the basis of the theoretical argument and the standard of the identification of the wrong criminal case, the author simply regards the wrong case as the fact that the criminal justice organ has wrongly identified the case. Cases in which the law is applied or the legal procedure is seriously violated and the parties' interests are not benefited as a result of the judicial activities and are formally denied in the form of subsequent judicial links, and the criminal error cases are classified according to different standards, On this basis, it is concluded that the criminal wrong case in the investigation stage should include two parts. The single criminal wrong case and the wrong criminal error start from the investigation link and repeat the wrong criminal case continuously for the follow-up link. The second part mainly analyzes the system reasons of criminal error in investigation stage. According to the conclusion of the first part, the author regards the public security investigation system as the main body of analysis, first of all, from the internal level to understand the system factors that lead to the occurrence of criminal error, including the extinction of the supervisory function of the pre-trial system, the internal supervision system is a mere formality. The system of performance evaluation is not scientific and the training system of investigators is not mature and so on. Then, from the external level, that is, the angle of criminal procedure legislation, the author thinks that it is mainly caused by the following system problems, including the imperfect regulation of investigation behavior, respectively. In practice, the investigation mode of "from person to case" is formed, the defense system is weak and the procuratorial supervision lacks rigidity and so on. The third part is the core content of this paper. In this part, the author tries to establish the control mechanism of criminal error in the investigation stage. Firstly, China should establish the principle of "complete" presumption of innocence and the statutory principle of compulsory investigation in legislation and practice; secondly, Under the guidance of the above principles, on the micro level analysis of the criminal error control mechanism, the author thinks that we should start from three aspects: perfecting the preliminary hearing system, establishing a scientific and reasonable performance appraisal system, and emphasizing on the training of legal literacy. The author considers from the macroscopic aspect of establishing the control path of the criminal wrong case, focuses on the criminal procedure structure of our country, intends to adjust the relationship among the public, the procurator and the law, and puts forward the establishment of the judicial review system in the investigation stage. To ensure the effectiveness of defense during the investigation and strengthen procuratorial supervision and other recommendations. The author expects the control mechanism to play a joint role, to promote the reform of judicial centralism, and to control the occurrence of criminal misdeeds as far as possible in the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D925.2

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本文編號：1876108