本文選題：強制醫(yī)療　切入點：精神鑒定　出處：《華東政法大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：精神障礙者作為無力有效主張自身權益但同時又嚴重威脅社會公眾生命和財產安全的特殊群體，其處遇問題已經成為關乎公民權利、自由和社會穩(wěn)定與秩序的重大社會問題。隨著我國精神障礙患者人數的增多、精神衛(wèi)生事業(yè)的發(fā)展，強制醫(yī)療制度的問題凸顯，我國《刑事訴訟法》修正案新增了一章專門規(guī)定刑事訴訟中的強制醫(yī)療制度，并出臺了相應的司法解釋。對觸犯刑事法律規(guī)定但卻因欠缺刑事責任能力的精神障礙者進行規(guī)制的強制醫(yī)療制度正在逐步的發(fā)展與完善。我國強制醫(yī)療制度的規(guī)定逐步清晰、逐步具體，也更加注重精神障礙者的人權保障。但是，這并不表明我國的強制醫(yī)療制度已經足夠完善，其實際上仍然存在不少問題。最為突出的便是強制醫(yī)療制度中的精神鑒定問題一直處在混亂狀態(tài)中，而精神鑒定在強制醫(yī)療程序中的意義和作用卻是十分重大的。在司法實踐中，無論是精神鑒定的性質、鑒定的內容、鑒定的主體，還是鑒定意見的司法采信問題均呈現出一種疑難與混亂的狀態(tài)。刑事強制醫(yī)療程序中的鑒定，關系到是否做出強制醫(yī)療的決定，而強制醫(yī)療措施的決定關系到精神障礙者的人身自由與人權保障。因此，對強制醫(yī)療程序中的鑒定問題而言，要力求鑒定的科學準確，鑒定程序的合理嚴格。鑒于此，筆者深感強制醫(yī)療程序中的鑒定問題實乃急需研究和解決的重要課題。 本文通過對強制醫(yī)療制度的性質與立法目的，以及精神鑒定的特征與其對于強制醫(yī)療程序的意義為基礎，對精神鑒定的兩個主要內容刑事責任能力和人身危險性的鑒定進行論證，認為刑事責任能力需要由精神鑒定專家作出，以精神狀況、辨認能力和認識能力為主要內容，公檢法機關僅對鑒定中的法律問題為精神鑒定專家提供必要的法律幫助。進而對鑒定的具體程序規(guī)制展開分析，包括鑒定的啟動權配置，交由公法檢機關啟動，但賦予當事人方申請鑒定的權利及申請權之救濟權，還包括鑒定人的資質與數量，尤其是抨擊對具有較強主觀性的鑒定意見適合通過多名鑒定人、多頭鑒定的方式增加鑒定意見的準確性的問題。最后從鑒定意見的證據能力和證明力上論證了法庭對鑒定意見的采信規(guī)則，再次強調鑒定意見是一種獨立的證據屬性，，需要經過法庭的質證與認證方可采信，并且，對于多份鑒定意見的不一致，也只有通過法庭對鑒定意見的推理依據和推理過程進行推敲、質證方可最終確認鑒定意見的準確與否、采信與否的問題。此外，本文還將結合我國現有法律法規(guī)與司法實務操作，對精神障礙者刑事強制醫(yī)療中的鑒定問題提出立法與司法上的完善與落實建議。
[Abstract]:As a special group which can not effectively claim their own rights and interests but at the same time seriously threaten the safety of public life and property, the problem of mental disorders has become a matter of civil rights. Major social problems of freedom and social stability and order. With the increase in the number of patients with mental disorders and the development of mental health care in China, the problem of compulsory medical care has become prominent. The amendment to the Criminal procedure Law of our country has added a new chapter specifically providing for the compulsory medical care system in criminal proceedings. The compulsory medical system, which violates the provisions of criminal law but lacks the ability of criminal responsibility, is gradually developing and perfecting, and the provisions of compulsory medical system in China are gradually clear. Step by step, and pay more attention to the protection of the human rights of people with mental disabilities. However, this does not show that the compulsory medical system in our country is sufficiently perfect. In fact, there are still a lot of problems. The most prominent problem is that the problem of psychiatric appraisal in the compulsory medical system has been in a state of confusion. However, the significance and function of spiritual appraisal in compulsory medical procedure is very important. In judicial practice, whether it is the nature, content, subject of appraisal, Whether the judicial acceptance of an appraisal opinion presents a state of difficulty and confusion. The identification in the criminal compulsory medical procedure is related to whether to make a decision on compulsory medical treatment. And the decision of compulsory medical measures is related to the personal liberty and human rights of the mentally handicapped. Therefore, in the case of identification in compulsory medical procedures, it is necessary to strive for the scientific accuracy of identification and the reasonableness and rigour of the identification procedure. In view of this, The author deeply feels that the problem of identification in compulsory medical procedure is an important subject in urgent need of study and solution. Based on the analysis of the nature and legislative purpose of compulsory medical care system, as well as the characteristics of spiritual appraisal and its significance for compulsory medical procedures, This paper demonstrates the two main contents of mental appraisal, criminal responsibility ability and personal dangerousness, and holds that the criminal responsibility ability should be made by the expert of spiritual appraisal, with mental condition, recognition ability and cognitive ability as the main content. The Public Security Bureau, the Procuratorate, and the court organ only provide necessary legal assistance to the experts in the identification of the law, and then analyze the specific procedural regulations of the appraisal, including the allocation of the start-up power of the appraisal, and hand it over to the public procuratorial organ to start the work. However, giving the parties the right to apply for appraisal and the right to remedy the right to apply also includes the qualification and number of experts, especially the criticism that the expert opinion with strong subjectivity is suitable for passing through more than one expert. The way of multiple appraisal increases the question of accuracy of appraisal opinion. Finally, from the point of view of the evidence ability and proof power of the appraisal opinion, the paper demonstrates the rules of acceptance of the appraisal opinion by the court, and emphasizes once again that the appraisal opinion is an independent evidence attribute. It requires cross-examination and certification of the court to be accepted, and the inconsistency of multiple opinions can only be examined by the court through the reasoning basis and reasoning process of the opinion. In addition, this paper will combine the existing laws and regulations of our country with the practice of judicial practice. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the perfection and implementation of legislation and judicature on the problem of identification in criminal compulsory medical treatment for mental disorders.
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2

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