本文選題：民事小額訴訟　切入點(diǎn)：程序　出處：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：摘要：有權(quán)利就應(yīng)該有救濟(jì),這是法治國家的重要特征之一。公民的輕微權(quán)利受到侵害時,國家也應(yīng)該提供權(quán)利救濟(jì)的途徑,維護(hù)公民的合法權(quán)利。伴隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展,社會生活中的經(jīng)濟(jì)糾紛也日趨多元化,其中的微小權(quán)利糾紛更是頻繁出現(xiàn),而我國針對微小權(quán)利糾紛沒有設(shè)置與之相配套的專門程序救濟(jì)機(jī)制,而是適用簡易程序來救濟(jì),但我國簡易程序的局限性使得這種小額權(quán)利糾紛即使按照簡易程序來救濟(jì)也體現(xiàn)出了“不經(jīng)濟(jì)”的救濟(jì)途徑,很多小額權(quán)利人在利弊權(quán)衡之后不得不止步在法院大門外,這實(shí)際上就阻礙了人們“接近司法”“接近正義”的權(quán)利,人們急需與解決小額權(quán)利糾紛相配套的救濟(jì)程序來實(shí)現(xiàn)自己小額權(quán)利的救濟(jì)。與此同時,我國法院也面臨著巨大的案件審判壓力,司法資源的有限增長難以與訴訟案件的爆炸式增長同步,那么如何緩解現(xiàn)代社會生活中民眾不斷增長的訴訟需求與司法資源的有限性之間的矛盾?我們不可能寄希望于通過無限制地增加司法資源來滿足民眾不斷增長的訴訟需求,這是任何一個理性的法治社會國家都不可能作出的選擇。此時,通過提高司法資源的利用效率使其得到最大化的合理配置,以最大程度的發(fā)揮司法效益就成為擺在我們面前不可回避的司法課題。再放眼世界,各國都面臨過或正在面臨著和我們國家同樣的案多人少的壓力,這讓我們開始關(guān)注到國外已經(jīng)設(shè)立的并且發(fā)展比較成熟的小額訴訟程序機(jī)制,國外的小額訴訟程序機(jī)制是二十世紀(jì)六十年代掀起的一場被稱為讓民眾“接近正義”的司法改革的產(chǎn)物。這是專門為小額權(quán)利的救濟(jì)而設(shè)立的訴訟程序,雖然各國對于小額訴訟機(jī)制的具體規(guī)定不盡相同,但是小額訴訟程序高效、便民、低成本的特點(diǎn)卻是設(shè)立的共通立法理念,在司法實(shí)踐中的效果也很顯著,很大程度上緩解了民眾訴訟需求與法院審判壓力之間的矛盾。對此,經(jīng)過學(xué)術(shù)界多年理論探究及我國基層法院小額速裁司法實(shí)踐活動的經(jīng)驗積累,我國立法機(jī)關(guān)最終在2012年修訂的《中華人民共和國民事訴訟法》第162條增加了小額訴訟制度的有關(guān)規(guī)定,這是對民眾要求司法維護(hù)小額權(quán)利的法律上的回應(yīng)。但是鑒于立法的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、慎重考慮,我國立法機(jī)關(guān)對小額訴訟的規(guī)定目前僅有一條,具體操作的各個環(huán)節(jié)還無立法規(guī)范,司法實(shí)踐中各地法院對具體的操作程序規(guī)定了各自區(qū)域內(nèi)的適用規(guī)則。我們必須認(rèn)識到,我國離構(gòu)建完善的小額訴訟程序的目標(biāo)還有一段路要走。本文主要采用比較分析法、實(shí)證研究法,首先主要對小額訴訟程序基本理論問題進(jìn)行闡述,然后對域外小額訴訟程序進(jìn)行了比較分析,接著對我國目前有關(guān)小額訴訟的立法現(xiàn)狀與法院司法實(shí)踐中的具體操作現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究,考察了具體完善我國小額訴訟程序的必要性與可行性,最后提出了符合我國國情的小額訴訟程序完善建議,希望本文對小額訴訟程序的探討能夠?qū)ξ覈☆~訴訟程序的具體完善有所裨益。本文分為引言、正文和結(jié)語三部分。正文部分共分為五章。 第一章主要是有關(guān)小額訴訟程序的概述。首先談到了小額訴訟程序的概念表述以及特點(diǎn)和功能的定位等基本理論問題。其次論述了小額訴訟程序的起源與發(fā)展,這包括從世界民事司法改革和中國民事司法改革兩個視角來考察。再次,對小額訴訟程序與其他訴訟內(nèi)外糾紛解決機(jī)制進(jìn)行了對比分析以明確小額訴訟程序的優(yōu)勢所在。最后從法理學(xué)視角闡述了小額訴訟程序存在的法理基礎(chǔ)。 第二章首先闡述了兩大法系具有代表性國家的小額訴訟程序立法例,包括大陸法系的我國臺灣地區(qū)和日本以及英美法系的美國和英國。然后比較了兩大法系小額訴訟程序立法例的共性規(guī)律與個性差異,最后得出了部分對我國的有益啟示。 第三章主要對我國有關(guān)小額訴訟的規(guī)范現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,包括對立法層面現(xiàn)狀和司法實(shí)踐層面現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析,其中在立法層面主要分析了小額訴訟程序在我國的立法現(xiàn)狀以及立法中存在的問題,司法實(shí)踐層面主要對我國小額訴訟程序的司法運(yùn)行成效表現(xiàn)以及運(yùn)行中存在的問題進(jìn)行解讀,其中運(yùn)行中存在的問題主要是以桂林市的部分基層人民法院為例著重分析,指出了各自在小額訴訟適用中遇到的難題以及存在的共性問題。 第四章著重從各個層面來論證完善我國小額訴訟程序的必要性以及已經(jīng)具備了可行性條件的探析,必要性方面主要是從我國現(xiàn)狀簡易程序的局限性方面、社會需求方面、規(guī)范司法實(shí)踐方面以及世界司法改革的潮流趨勢方面等四個層面進(jìn)行了解讀。小額訴訟程序完善的可行性主要是從社會環(huán)境方面和我國法治建設(shè)的成效方面等都具備了可行性條件來進(jìn)行論證。 第五章首先提出了具體完善符合我國國情的小額訴訟程序應(yīng)該注意濫訴問題以及法官自由裁量權(quán)過大問題的有效預(yù)防,第二部分提出了我國完善小額訴訟程序的立法模式選擇,最后主要是具體的完善設(shè)想,包括適用范圍的界定、程序的啟動、審理程序的簡化、救濟(jì)機(jī)制、執(zhí)行機(jī)制的構(gòu)想、程序間的銜接轉(zhuǎn)換、司法裁判對接等八個方面的建議。
[Abstract]:Abstract: right should have relief, which is one of the important characteristics of the country under the rule of law. Minor civil rights are infringed, the country should also provide ways of right relief, safeguard the legitimate rights of citizens. With the rapid development of our social economy, social life economic disputes are increasingly diversified, the tiny right dispute is more frequent, and according to our country's small rights dispute has not set a special procedure with the support of the relief mechanism, but the summary procedure applies to relief, but the limitations of the summary procedure of our country because of the small amount of rights even in accordance with the summary procedure to relief also reflects the "economic" remedies a lot of people in the small, right after weighing the advantages and disadvantages in the court had to stop outside the gate, it actually prevents people from "access to justice" "access to justice" rights, people are anxious The relief needs matched with the settlement of minor rights disputes relief program to achieve their small rights. At the same time, China's court trial is also facing great pressure, the explosive growth of limited judicial resources and litigation to synchronous growth, so how to alleviate the contradiction between the limited judicial resources and litigation needs growing of modern people in the social life? We can't hope to increase the judicial resources through unrestricted to meet people's growing demand for litigation, this is a rational society country can make choices. At this time, by improving the utilization efficiency of judicial resources and make the reasonable allocation of the maximum in order to maximize judicial efficiency has become an unavoidable task of justice in front of us. All countries have faced have the whole world in view, or are facing Our country and the same case much less pressure, this let us begin to pay close attention to the development and procedure mechanism is relatively mature in foreign countries has been set up, the small claims procedure mechanism in foreign countries is 1960s launched a product called "let the people close to the positive meaning of" judicial reform. It is dedicated to small relief rights and the establishment of the procedure, although the specific provisions for the lawsuit mechanism is not the same, but the procedure is efficient, convenient, low cost to set up the common idea of legislation in the judicial practice, the effect is very significant, largely alleviated the contradiction between the public demand and court litigation the trial pressure. In this regard, after years of theoretical research and academic circles of China's grassroots courts micro speed cutting practice experience, China's legislature eventually The relevant provisions of the lawsuit system increased in the 2012 revision of the "People's Republic of China Civil Procedure Law > 162nd, this is to the public for judicial legal rights maintenance small response. But in view of legislation is rigorous, careful consideration, the legislation of our country authorities on small litigation currently only one and all aspects of the specific operation still no legislation, local courts in the judicial practice of the specific operation procedure provisions of the applicable rules of their respective regions. We must realize that our country is constructing perfect procedure target still have a long way to go. This paper mainly uses the method of comparative analysis, empirical research method, firstly the basic theory of the problem of small claims procedure is expounded, and the extraterritorial procedure are analyzed, then to present relevant lawsuit legislation and judicial court The empirical research on the specific operation status in practice, investigates the necessity and feasibility of perfecting our procedure, finally put forward according to the situation of our country small procedure improvement suggestions, hope this study of the small claims procedure can benefit the specific improvement of our country's small claims procedure. This paper is divided as the introduction, body and conclusion of three parts. The body is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter is an overview of the relevant procedure. First talked about the basic theory of the concept of the lawsuit procedure as well as the characteristics and function of positioning. Then discusses the origin and development of the lawsuit procedure, which includes from two perspectives of civil judicial reform of the world and Chinese civil judicial reform. To investigate the mechanism again. The small claims procedure and other litigation and alternative dispute resolution are analyzed to determine the procedure advantage. Finally the legal basis of existing procedure described from the perspective of jurisprudence.
The second chapter introduces the two legal representative countries of the small claims procedure legislation, the United States and the United Kingdom including the continental law system in Taiwan area of China and Japan and the Anglo American law system. Then compare the common law and individual differences procedure two legal legislation, finally draws some beneficial enlightenment to our country.
The third chapter mainly analyzes the status quo of China's relevant norms of small claims, including the legislative status and judicial practice are analyzed, including at the legislative level mainly analyzes the procedure in our country's legislation and legislative problems in the interpretation of existing judicial practice mainly on the effectiveness of judicial operation our procedure and problems in operation, the main problems existing in the operation is part of the basic people's courts in Guilin, for example to analyze, point out their problems in the lawsuit for encountered and common problems.
The fourth chapter mainly from various aspects to prove the necessity of perfecting our procedure and has a probe into the feasibility of the condition, necessity is mainly from the limitations of the present situation of our country summary procedures, the need of society, four levels of standard judicial practice and judicial reform of the world trend and other aspects the interpretation procedure perfect. The feasibility is mainly from the social environment and the rule of law in our country the effectiveness of aspects of the feasibility conditions for demonstration.
The fifth chapter firstly puts forward the effective prevention of specific improvement according to the situation of our country should pay attention to the abuse of litigation procedure and judicial discretion is too big, the second part puts forward the legislative mode to improve the small claims procedure in our country, finally the main is to improve the specific ideas, including the definition of the scope of the program. Start, simplify the trial procedure, relief mechanism, conception of the implementation mechanism, interface conversion program between the eight aspects of judicial docking and other suggestions.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.1

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本文編號：1570447