【摘要】： 目前國際主要海事仲裁地的發(fā)展概況表明,倫敦作為世界公認(rèn)的國際海事仲裁中心,其壟斷地位依舊保持不變,甚至有加強(qiáng)的趨勢。擁有先進(jìn)的海商法及海事仲裁制度、英國法院對海事仲裁的支持、國際航運(yùn)組織及保賠協(xié)會(huì)對倫敦仲裁的推動(dòng),是倫敦海事仲裁發(fā)展的主要原因。 以中國海事仲裁委員會(huì)為代表的我國海事仲裁發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,與倫敦相比差距甚遠(yuǎn)。海事仲裁是國際航運(yùn)中心的重要要素,也是維護(hù)中方當(dāng)事人合法權(quán)益的緊迫需要,我國發(fā)展海事仲裁有其必要性。 針對我國海事仲裁的緩慢發(fā)展,從海事仲裁自身因素及外部環(huán)境兩個(gè)角度加以分析其深層次原因。關(guān)于航運(yùn)當(dāng)事人關(guān)心的仲裁收費(fèi)問題,通過歷史縱向比較和與訴訟收費(fèi)橫向比較,澄清仲裁收費(fèi)的性質(zhì)及分配,并提出收費(fèi)方式的改革建議。關(guān)于海事仲裁裁決的終局性問題,鑒于航運(yùn)當(dāng)事人的不同需求,設(shè)計(jì)以當(dāng)事人意思自治為基礎(chǔ)的司法監(jiān)督模式。關(guān)于仲裁協(xié)議的內(nèi)容要件和形式要件問題,指出立法存在的缺陷,違背了國際仲裁立法趨勢,脫離了航運(yùn)慣例和實(shí)務(wù)操作,嚴(yán)重束縛了我國海事仲裁的發(fā)展。關(guān)于司法與仲裁的關(guān)系問題,分析司法解釋的轉(zhuǎn)變以及真實(shí)的司法判例,反映出司法實(shí)踐對海事仲裁的嚴(yán)厲態(tài)度,為海事仲裁發(fā)展?fàn)I造了不利的司法環(huán)境。 繼而提出我國發(fā)展海事仲裁的具體措施建議,并認(rèn)為我國不承認(rèn)臨時(shí)仲裁目前不是制約發(fā)展的瓶頸。在機(jī)構(gòu)改革方面,應(yīng)當(dāng)擴(kuò)大中國海事仲裁委員會(huì)的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置,增加人財(cái)物投入,改變傳統(tǒng)的管理模式,做好發(fā)展規(guī)劃。在立法方面,應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)注海事仲裁的特殊性：修改仲裁法對仲裁協(xié)議內(nèi)容要素的規(guī)定,使“北京仲裁”、“上海仲裁”成為有效仲裁條款；對于提單仲裁條款,應(yīng)當(dāng)由仲裁法明確承認(rèn)其有效性,同時(shí)可以通過海商法強(qiáng)制適用來否定提單中約定到國外仲裁或訴訟的條款效力。在司法方面,應(yīng)當(dāng)樹立支持海事仲裁理念,對海事仲裁適度監(jiān)督,主要原因在于尊重當(dāng)事人的意思自治、平衡仲裁追求的價(jià)值目標(biāo)、增強(qiáng)國際海事仲裁市場競爭力以及減輕法院負(fù)擔(dān)、合理配置司法資源。最后,政府主管部門、行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)組織及海事律師應(yīng)當(dāng)大力推動(dòng)海事仲裁,規(guī)范各類航運(yùn)合同,推廣我國的海事仲裁條款,這是我國發(fā)展海事仲裁最直接最有效的辦法。
[Abstract]:At present, the development of the main international maritime arbitration places shows that London, as the world recognized international maritime arbitration center, its monopoly status remains unchanged, and even has a trend of strengthening. The main reasons for the development of London maritime arbitration are the advanced maritime law and maritime arbitration system, the support of British courts for maritime arbitration, and the promotion of London arbitration by the International Maritime Organization and the Association for the Protection of claims. The development of maritime arbitration in China, represented by China Maritime Arbitration Commission, is far from London. Maritime arbitration is an important element of the international shipping center and an urgent need to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the Chinese parties. It is necessary for China to develop maritime arbitration. In view of the slow development of maritime arbitration in China, this paper analyzes the deep reasons of maritime arbitration from the aspects of its own factors and external environment. On the issue of arbitration fees concerned by shipping parties, this paper clarifies the nature and distribution of arbitration fees through historical vertical comparison and horizontal comparison with litigation fees, and puts forward some suggestions for the reform of charging methods. With regard to the final nature of maritime arbitration award, in view of the different needs of shipping parties, a judicial supervision model based on party autonomy is designed. With regard to the content and form elements of the arbitration agreement, this paper points out the defects of the legislation, which violates the legislative trend of international arbitration, breaks away from the shipping practice and practical operation, and seriously restrains the development of maritime arbitration in China. With regard to the relationship between judicature and arbitration, this paper analyzes the transformation of judicial interpretation and the real judicial case, which reflects the stern attitude of judicial practice towards maritime arbitration, and creates an unfavorable judicial environment for the development of maritime arbitration. Then it puts forward some concrete measures to develop maritime arbitration in our country, and thinks that China does not recognize temporary arbitration as the bottleneck restricting the development at present. In the aspect of institutional reform, we should expand the institutional setting of China Maritime Arbitration Commission, increase the investment of people and property, change the traditional management mode and make a good development plan. In the aspect of legislation, we should pay attention to the particularity of maritime arbitration: modifying the provisions of arbitration law on the elements of arbitration agreement so that "Beijing arbitration" and "Shanghai arbitration" become effective arbitration clauses; For the arbitration clause of bill of lading, the validity of the arbitration law should be explicitly recognized by the arbitration law, and the validity of the clause stipulated in the bill of lading may be denied through the compulsory application of maritime law in the bill of lading. In the judicial aspect, we should establish the concept of supporting maritime arbitration and supervise maritime arbitration moderately. The main reason lies in respecting the autonomy of the parties' will and balancing the value goal pursued by arbitration. Enhance the competitiveness of the international maritime arbitration market, lighten the burden on the courts, and rationally allocate judicial resources. Finally, government authorities, trade association organizations and maritime lawyers should vigorously promote maritime arbitration, standardize all kinds of shipping contracts and popularize maritime arbitration clauses in China, which is the most direct and effective way to develop maritime arbitration in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D925.7

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 鄭雨霆;海事仲裁法律制度研究[D];華東政法大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：2368608