先公司交易法律問題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-08 20:10
【摘要】： 先公司交易是公司尚未成立時(shí)的普遍現(xiàn)象。先公司交易的諸多問題關(guān)系到交易的穩(wěn)定與安全,并影響各個(gè)主體之間風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與利益的分配。許多國家和地區(qū)的公司立法以及理論界對公司成立前的交易問題都給予了高度重視,而我國的相關(guān)立法存在諸多疏漏,給司法實(shí)踐帶來很大的困擾,這方面的理論研究也相當(dāng)薄弱,很少有人對此進(jìn)行深入系統(tǒng)的理論分析。因此,研究公司成立前交易法律問題具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和理論意義。 依現(xiàn)代公司法,公司的成立以獲準(zhǔn)登記為準(zhǔn)。從理論上講,公司在成立前,因不具備法律人格而不能以公司名義同外界進(jìn)行交易。與自然人人格取得不同,公司的設(shè)立,是一個(gè)發(fā)起人積極參與、涉及諸多法律事務(wù)的過程。在該過程中,發(fā)起人為促使公司成立,必然要進(jìn)行必要的創(chuàng)設(shè)活動(dòng),甚至以公司的名義與第三人進(jìn)行交易。這是公司設(shè)立中一個(gè)司空見慣的現(xiàn)象。同公司成立后的營業(yè)相比,公司設(shè)立是公司的非常狀態(tài),發(fā)起人在公司設(shè)立中的交易行為是在與第三人之間展開的,行為的后果則會(huì)涉及成立后的公司、債權(quán)人及發(fā)起人之間的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和利益分配。如何確定公司成立前交易行為的效力,并不是傳統(tǒng)民法合同理論所能夠解決的。商事關(guān)系的調(diào)整需求,要求一些特殊規(guī)則予以滿足。而這些特殊規(guī)則,無論從形式意義上還是從實(shí)質(zhì)意義上,都不可能在一般法的民法的框架內(nèi)完成,需要以特別法的形式實(shí)現(xiàn),即商法規(guī)則。從各國的有關(guān)規(guī)定來看,公司設(shè)立中的交易行為制度所考慮的,主要是經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)問題,而把法律因素放在次要地位。有關(guān)規(guī)定的著眼點(diǎn)在于平衡發(fā)起人、第三人、以及成立后的公司之間的利益。公司法如何規(guī)范公司設(shè)立過程中的交易行為,需從先公司交易的內(nèi)涵、概念入手,對其基本特征、構(gòu)成要件、制度功能、效力的認(rèn)定和責(zé)任歸屬問題進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析,建立系統(tǒng)的先公司交易法律制度,以平衡各方主體之間的利益,保障交易的安全。
[Abstract]:First company trading is a common phenomenon when the company is not yet established. Many problems related to the stability and security of the transaction, and affect the distribution of risks and benefits among the main parties. In many countries and regions, the company legislation and the theory circle have attached great importance to the transaction problem before the establishment of the company. However, there are many omissions in the relevant legislation of our country, which brings great troubles to the judicial practice. The theoretical research in this area is also very weak, and few people make a deep and systematic theoretical analysis on it. Therefore, it is of great practical and theoretical significance to study the legal issues of trading before the establishment of the company. According to the modern company law, the establishment of the company shall be subject to the approval of registration. Theoretically speaking, before the company was founded, it could not deal with the outside world in the name of the company because of its lack of legal personality. Unlike the acquisition of natural person personality, the establishment of a company is a process in which the initiator actively participates and involves many legal matters. In this process, in order to promote the establishment of the company, the initiator must carry on the necessary creation activities, and even trade with the third party in the name of the company. This is a common phenomenon in the establishment of the company. Compared with the business after the establishment of the company, the establishment of the company is an extraordinary state of the company, and the transaction behavior of the initiator in the establishment of the company is carried out between the third party, and the consequences of the act will involve the company after the establishment. Distribution of risks and benefits between creditors and sponsors. How to determine the validity of the company's pre-establishment trading behavior is not a problem that can be solved by the traditional civil law contract theory. The demand for adjustment of commercial relations requires some special rules to be satisfied. However, these special rules can not be completed in the framework of the civil law of general law in both formal and substantive sense, and need to be realized in the form of special law, that is, the rules of commercial law. From the point of view of the relevant regulations of various countries, the system of transaction behavior in the course of the establishment of a company mainly considers economic and social problems, and puts the legal factor in the secondary position. The rules focus on balancing the interests of promoters, third parties, and established companies. In order to standardize the transaction behavior in the course of the establishment of a company, the company law should start with the connotation and concept of the first company transaction, and make a systematic analysis of its basic characteristics, constitutive requirements, system functions, validity and responsibility attribution. To balance the interests of the parties and ensure the security of the transaction, a systematic legal system of prior company transaction is established.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D922.291.91
本文編號(hào)：2368933
[Abstract]:First company trading is a common phenomenon when the company is not yet established. Many problems related to the stability and security of the transaction, and affect the distribution of risks and benefits among the main parties. In many countries and regions, the company legislation and the theory circle have attached great importance to the transaction problem before the establishment of the company. However, there are many omissions in the relevant legislation of our country, which brings great troubles to the judicial practice. The theoretical research in this area is also very weak, and few people make a deep and systematic theoretical analysis on it. Therefore, it is of great practical and theoretical significance to study the legal issues of trading before the establishment of the company. According to the modern company law, the establishment of the company shall be subject to the approval of registration. Theoretically speaking, before the company was founded, it could not deal with the outside world in the name of the company because of its lack of legal personality. Unlike the acquisition of natural person personality, the establishment of a company is a process in which the initiator actively participates and involves many legal matters. In this process, in order to promote the establishment of the company, the initiator must carry on the necessary creation activities, and even trade with the third party in the name of the company. This is a common phenomenon in the establishment of the company. Compared with the business after the establishment of the company, the establishment of the company is an extraordinary state of the company, and the transaction behavior of the initiator in the establishment of the company is carried out between the third party, and the consequences of the act will involve the company after the establishment. Distribution of risks and benefits between creditors and sponsors. How to determine the validity of the company's pre-establishment trading behavior is not a problem that can be solved by the traditional civil law contract theory. The demand for adjustment of commercial relations requires some special rules to be satisfied. However, these special rules can not be completed in the framework of the civil law of general law in both formal and substantive sense, and need to be realized in the form of special law, that is, the rules of commercial law. From the point of view of the relevant regulations of various countries, the system of transaction behavior in the course of the establishment of a company mainly considers economic and social problems, and puts the legal factor in the secondary position. The rules focus on balancing the interests of promoters, third parties, and established companies. In order to standardize the transaction behavior in the course of the establishment of a company, the company law should start with the connotation and concept of the first company transaction, and make a systematic analysis of its basic characteristics, constitutive requirements, system functions, validity and responsibility attribution. To balance the interests of the parties and ensure the security of the transaction, a systematic legal system of prior company transaction is established.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D922.291.91
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