【摘要】： 船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)之所以成為海商法體系中較為有代表性的一種法律制度，是因?yàn)榇皟?yōu)先權(quán)是以船舶等海上財(cái)產(chǎn)為標(biāo)的的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利。隨著社會(huì)生活和海上運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展，以及海運(yùn)業(yè)中的利益多元化，各國(guó)權(quán)利利益的沖突不斷加劇列。因此，作為海商法中爭(zhēng)議較多的船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)制度急需進(jìn)一步完善，如船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)的性質(zhì)、標(biāo)的、項(xiàng)目等方面。船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)的立法價(jià)值是為了保障利益的平衡，即立法者保護(hù)船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)人的利益能夠得到最大程度實(shí)現(xiàn)，又兼顧其他利益，這正是本文寫作的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和研究方向。本文首先對(duì)國(guó)際公約和各主要海運(yùn)國(guó)家有關(guān)船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)制度進(jìn)行了理論和實(shí)踐的比較與分析。并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出問(wèn)題，結(jié)合我國(guó)海商法中的相關(guān)規(guī)定，明確得出以下結(jié)論。第一，作為一種實(shí)體權(quán)利，船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)的性質(zhì)屬于海商法所特有的一種擔(dān)保制度。第二，，船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)的標(biāo)的不能僅限于船舶，這種規(guī)定不利于我國(guó)的利益平衡，而應(yīng)當(dāng)擴(kuò)大到船舶屬具、運(yùn)費(fèi)及附屬權(quán)利。第三，在船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)項(xiàng)目方面，我國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)海商法現(xiàn)行規(guī)定的項(xiàng)目予以增加，如必需品供應(yīng)優(yōu)先權(quán)、清除沉船費(fèi)用索賠請(qǐng)求權(quán)和共同海損的分?jǐn)傉?qǐng)求權(quán)等項(xiàng)目。
[Abstract]:The reason why maritime lien has become a representative legal system in maritime law system is that maritime lien is a property right with the object of maritime property such as ship. With the development of social life and maritime transportation, as well as the diversity of interests in the maritime transport industry, the conflicts of rights and interests of various countries have been aggravated. Therefore, the maritime lien system, as a controversial maritime law, is in urgent need of further improvement, such as the nature of maritime liens, the subject matter, items and so on. The legislative value of maritime liens is to ensure the balance of interests, that is, legislators to protect the interests of maritime liens can be realized to the greatest extent, while taking into account other interests, which is the starting point and research direction of this paper. In this paper, the comparison and analysis of the international conventions and the maritime lien system are made in theory and practice. On the basis of this, the author puts forward some questions, and draws the following conclusions by combining the relevant provisions of China's maritime law. Firstly, as a kind of substantive right, maritime lien belongs to a special security system of maritime law. Second, the subject matter of maritime liens should not be limited to ships, which is not conducive to the balance of interests of our country, but should be extended to ship ownership, freight and subsidiary rights. Third, with regard to maritime liens, China should increase the items currently stipulated in Maritime Law, such as the priority of supply of necessities, the right to claim for sunken expenses and the right to share general average, etc.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：D922.294;D996.19

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本文編號(hào)：2235753