船舶碰撞民事責(zé)任法律問(wèn)題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-07 07:53
【摘要】：一直以來(lái),船舶碰撞損害民事責(zé)任都是航海界與海事司法界所關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。盡管國(guó)際組織以及各國(guó)為解決船舶碰撞的民事責(zé)任制定了一系列的國(guó)際公約與法律法規(guī),但由此而引發(fā)的各類問(wèn)題仍困擾著理論界和實(shí)務(wù)界。因此,對(duì)船舶碰撞民事責(zé)任相關(guān)的法律問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文對(duì)船舶碰撞民事責(zé)任的研究并非面面俱到,而是用侵權(quán)法的基本理論為原理,以我國(guó)相關(guān)立法和司法實(shí)踐為核心,從實(shí)現(xiàn)民事?lián)p害賠償目的出發(fā),著重圍繞船舶碰撞所涉及的責(zé)任主體、歸責(zé)原則、損害賠償、司法管轄和法律適用等主要法律問(wèn)題,對(duì)船舶碰撞民事責(zé)任這一專題進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)、深入的研究,并針對(duì)當(dāng)前我國(guó)船舶碰撞民事責(zé)任立法中存在的問(wèn)題和不足,提出修改的意見(jiàn)和建議,為完善我國(guó)船舶碰撞民事責(zé)任法律制度提供了一些理論依據(jù)和參考。 本文共分六章。 第一章是“船舶碰撞民事責(zé)任的概述”。該章主要對(duì)船舶碰撞概念的內(nèi)涵外延、船舶碰撞的構(gòu)成要件、船舶碰撞民事責(zé)任的概念和分類等方面所涉及的基礎(chǔ)理論進(jìn)行闡述。同時(shí),結(jié)合具體的案例,重點(diǎn)對(duì)船舶碰撞概念界定上存在的爭(zhēng)議進(jìn)行了比較分析,得出“船舶碰撞”概念應(yīng)由內(nèi)涵和外延兩部分構(gòu)成,其中,“船舶碰撞”內(nèi)涵是1910年《碰撞公約》第1條和我國(guó)《海商法》第165條規(guī)定的內(nèi)容,外延是1910年《碰撞公約》第13條和我國(guó)《海商法》第170條規(guī)定的內(nèi)容,內(nèi)涵和外延一起構(gòu)成船舶碰撞的完整概念。 第二章是“船舶碰撞損害賠償?shù)呢?zé)任主體”。根據(jù)我國(guó)在船舶碰撞民事責(zé)任方面的立法實(shí)踐,結(jié)合英國(guó)、日本等國(guó)家成功的立法經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出確定船舶碰撞民事責(zé)任主體的三個(gè)原則,即責(zé)任自負(fù)原則、替代責(zé)任原則、管理和控制船舶原則,依據(jù)上述原則,對(duì)船舶碰撞責(zé)任主體進(jìn)行分析與判定,明確了認(rèn)定船舶所有人、光船租賃人、船舶經(jīng)營(yíng)人等各類責(zé)任主體承擔(dān)碰撞責(zé)任的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和原則。 第三章是“船舶碰撞民事責(zé)任的歸責(zé)原則”。本章從一般侵權(quán)法的歸責(zé)原則入手,對(duì)歸責(zé)的含義、歸責(zé)的原則、歸責(zé)的體系等進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析和研究。同時(shí),結(jié)合國(guó)際公約、我國(guó)及域外其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)的立法規(guī)定,對(duì)船舶碰撞歸責(zé)具有的一般侵權(quán)特征和特殊侵權(quán)特征進(jìn)行了分析,提出我國(guó)船舶碰撞民事責(zé)任的歸責(zé)原則應(yīng)采取過(guò)錯(cuò)責(zé)任原則,并重點(diǎn)解析了船舶碰撞中獨(dú)特的“比例過(guò)失責(zé)任原則”。此外,本章還介紹了船舶油污歸責(zé)原則及其確立原因。 第四章是“船舶碰撞損害賠償?shù)姆秶�。本章從分析船舶碰撞損害賠償?shù)幕纠碚撝?對(duì)船舶碰撞損害賠償?shù)母拍�、法律特征、�?dāng)事人、賠償原則等進(jìn)行闡釋,并根據(jù)國(guó)際公約以及國(guó)內(nèi)法有關(guān)船舶碰撞損害賠償?shù)囊?guī)定,針對(duì)船舶全損、船舶部分損失以及人身?yè)p害賠償三種情況,分別闡述了船舶碰撞損害賠償范圍和賠償計(jì)算方式。 第五章是“船舶碰撞司法管轄權(quán)和法律適用”。本章第一節(jié)從船舶碰撞管轄權(quán)概念、管轄權(quán)存在積極沖突的原因以及解決管轄權(quán)沖突應(yīng)遵循的原則等方面對(duì)船舶碰撞管轄權(quán)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析和評(píng)介。第二節(jié)從國(guó)際法和國(guó)內(nèi)法的關(guān)系、國(guó)際法在我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的實(shí)踐入手,梳理了我國(guó)涉外船舶碰撞法律適用的主要問(wèn)題,并就公海碰撞、約定管轄等幾種特殊情況的涉外碰撞法律適用問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了探討,提出處理意見(jiàn)。 第六章是“完善我國(guó)船舶碰撞立法的建議”。本章論述了我國(guó)船舶碰撞立法的現(xiàn)狀和修改的必要性,在船舶碰撞概念的界定、船舶碰撞的責(zé)任主體、歸責(zé)原則以及法律適用等方面對(duì)我國(guó)相關(guān)立法提出具體的修改意見(jiàn)。
[Abstract]:Civil liability for ship collision damage has always been a hot issue in the maritime and maritime judicial circles. Although international organizations and countries have formulated a series of international conventions and laws and regulations for the settlement of civil liability for ship collision, various problems arising therefrom still puzzle the theoretical and practical circles. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the legal issues related to civil liability for collision.
The research on civil liability for ship collision in this paper is not all-inclusive, but based on the basic theory of tort law, with the relevant legislation and judicial practice as the core, starting from the realization of the purpose of civil damage compensation, focusing on the subject of liability involved in ship collision, the principle of imputation, damage compensation, judicial jurisdiction and legal application. To solve the legal problems, this paper makes a systematic and in-depth study on the topic of civil liability for ship collision, and puts forward some suggestions and suggestions for amending the current legislation of civil liability for ship collision, which provides some theoretical basis and reference for perfecting the legal system of civil liability for ship collision in China.
This article is divided into six chapters.
Chapter one is "an overview of civil liability for ship collision". This chapter mainly expounds the basic theories involved in the connotation and extension of the concept of ship collision, the constitutive requirements of ship collision, the concept and classification of civil liability for ship collision, etc. Through comparative analysis, it is concluded that the concept of "collision of ships" should be composed of connotation and extension. The connotation of "collision of ships" is the content stipulated in Article 1 of the 1910 Collision Convention and Article 165 of the Maritime Law of China. The extension is the content, connotation and extension of Article 13 of the 1910 Collision Convention and Article 170 of the Maritime Law of China. It constitutes a complete concept of ship collision.
The second chapter is "the subject of liability for damages in ship collision". According to the legislative practice of China in civil liability for ship collision and the successful legislative experience of Britain, Japan and other countries, three principles are proposed to determine the subject of civil liability in ship collision, namely, the principle of self-responsibility, the principle of substitution for liability, the principle of management and control of ships. According to the above principles, the collision liability subject is analyzed and judged, and the criteria and principles for determining the collision liability of ship owners, bareboat Charterers and ship operators are defined.
Chapter three is the principle of liability fixation for civil liability in ship collision.Starting from the principle of liability fixation in general tort law, this chapter systematically analyzes and studies the meaning of liability fixation, the principle of liability fixation and the system of liability fixation.At the same time, combined with international conventions, the legislation of our country and other countries and regions outside the country, the liability fixation for ship collision has its own characteristics. The general and special infringement characteristics are analyzed, and the principle of liability for fault should be adopted in the civil liability of ship collision in China. The special principle of proportional negligence liability in ship collision is emphasized.
Chapter four is the scope of compensation for collision damage of ships.Starting from the analysis of the basic theory of compensation for collision damage of ships, this chapter explains the concept, legal characteristics, parties and compensation principles of compensation for collision damage of ships. In this paper, the scope of compensation and the calculation method of compensation for ship collision damage are expounded.
Chapter 5 is "Jurisdiction and Application of Law on Ship Collision". The first section of this chapter makes a detailed analysis and comment on the concept of jurisdiction over ship collision, the causes of positive conflicts of jurisdiction and the principles to be followed in resolving conflicts of jurisdiction. Starting with the practice of international law in China, this paper combs out the main problems in the application of law in the collision of ships involving foreign elements, and probes into the application of law in the collision of ships involving foreign elements in the high seas, the agreed jurisdiction and other special cases, and puts forward some opinions on how to deal with them.
Chapter 6 is "Suggestions on Improving China's Ship Collision Legislation". This chapter discusses the current situation of China's ship collision legislation and the necessity of amendment, and puts forward specific amendments to China's relevant legislation in terms of the definition of the concept of ship collision, the subject of liability for ship collision, the principle of liability fixation and the application of law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996.19;D922.294
本文編號(hào)：2227662
[Abstract]:Civil liability for ship collision damage has always been a hot issue in the maritime and maritime judicial circles. Although international organizations and countries have formulated a series of international conventions and laws and regulations for the settlement of civil liability for ship collision, various problems arising therefrom still puzzle the theoretical and practical circles. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the legal issues related to civil liability for collision.
The research on civil liability for ship collision in this paper is not all-inclusive, but based on the basic theory of tort law, with the relevant legislation and judicial practice as the core, starting from the realization of the purpose of civil damage compensation, focusing on the subject of liability involved in ship collision, the principle of imputation, damage compensation, judicial jurisdiction and legal application. To solve the legal problems, this paper makes a systematic and in-depth study on the topic of civil liability for ship collision, and puts forward some suggestions and suggestions for amending the current legislation of civil liability for ship collision, which provides some theoretical basis and reference for perfecting the legal system of civil liability for ship collision in China.
This article is divided into six chapters.
Chapter one is "an overview of civil liability for ship collision". This chapter mainly expounds the basic theories involved in the connotation and extension of the concept of ship collision, the constitutive requirements of ship collision, the concept and classification of civil liability for ship collision, etc. Through comparative analysis, it is concluded that the concept of "collision of ships" should be composed of connotation and extension. The connotation of "collision of ships" is the content stipulated in Article 1 of the 1910 Collision Convention and Article 165 of the Maritime Law of China. The extension is the content, connotation and extension of Article 13 of the 1910 Collision Convention and Article 170 of the Maritime Law of China. It constitutes a complete concept of ship collision.
The second chapter is "the subject of liability for damages in ship collision". According to the legislative practice of China in civil liability for ship collision and the successful legislative experience of Britain, Japan and other countries, three principles are proposed to determine the subject of civil liability in ship collision, namely, the principle of self-responsibility, the principle of substitution for liability, the principle of management and control of ships. According to the above principles, the collision liability subject is analyzed and judged, and the criteria and principles for determining the collision liability of ship owners, bareboat Charterers and ship operators are defined.
Chapter three is the principle of liability fixation for civil liability in ship collision.Starting from the principle of liability fixation in general tort law, this chapter systematically analyzes and studies the meaning of liability fixation, the principle of liability fixation and the system of liability fixation.At the same time, combined with international conventions, the legislation of our country and other countries and regions outside the country, the liability fixation for ship collision has its own characteristics. The general and special infringement characteristics are analyzed, and the principle of liability for fault should be adopted in the civil liability of ship collision in China. The special principle of proportional negligence liability in ship collision is emphasized.
Chapter four is the scope of compensation for collision damage of ships.Starting from the analysis of the basic theory of compensation for collision damage of ships, this chapter explains the concept, legal characteristics, parties and compensation principles of compensation for collision damage of ships. In this paper, the scope of compensation and the calculation method of compensation for ship collision damage are expounded.
Chapter 5 is "Jurisdiction and Application of Law on Ship Collision". The first section of this chapter makes a detailed analysis and comment on the concept of jurisdiction over ship collision, the causes of positive conflicts of jurisdiction and the principles to be followed in resolving conflicts of jurisdiction. Starting with the practice of international law in China, this paper combs out the main problems in the application of law in the collision of ships involving foreign elements, and probes into the application of law in the collision of ships involving foreign elements in the high seas, the agreed jurisdiction and other special cases, and puts forward some opinions on how to deal with them.
Chapter 6 is "Suggestions on Improving China's Ship Collision Legislation". This chapter discusses the current situation of China's ship collision legislation and the necessity of amendment, and puts forward specific amendments to China's relevant legislation in terms of the definition of the concept of ship collision, the subject of liability for ship collision, the principle of liability fixation and the application of law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996.19;D922.294
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