【摘要】： 在國(guó)際海運(yùn)中,承運(yùn)人作為貨物運(yùn)輸合同的履行主體,其義務(wù)分配、責(zé)任分擔(dān)和免責(zé)規(guī)定與合同各當(dāng)事人利益密切相關(guān),可以說(shuō)承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任制度構(gòu)成了整個(gè)國(guó)際海運(yùn)法律制度的基礎(chǔ)和核心。而承運(yùn)人的適航責(zé)任和管貨責(zé)任又是承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度的兩大核心內(nèi)容,只要厘清適航和管貨的法律責(zé)任就基本上了解和掌握了整個(gè)國(guó)際海上貨物運(yùn)輸法律制度。承運(yùn)人的適航責(zé)任歷來(lái)是海商法關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,理論界和實(shí)務(wù)界對(duì)適航標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的理解也均無(wú)統(tǒng)一認(rèn)定。同時(shí),新近通過(guò)的“堪稱(chēng)21世紀(jì)海商法領(lǐng)域的一次革命”的《鹿特丹規(guī)則》,是繼海牙規(guī)則、維斯比規(guī)則、漢堡規(guī)則之后,第四個(gè)統(tǒng)一的國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸合同公約。新公約致力于真正實(shí)現(xiàn)海上貨物運(yùn)輸法律制度的國(guó)際統(tǒng)一,是海上國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸中平衡各方利益的最新發(fā)展成果,其中對(duì)承運(yùn)人適航責(zé)任制度的也作出了突破性規(guī)定,基于此,本文試圖通過(guò)對(duì)船舶適航性的解讀,并采用法的價(jià)值分析和法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析的方法,對(duì)適航責(zé)任制度中的若干有爭(zhēng)議的法律問(wèn)題,在結(jié)合鹿特丹規(guī)則中最新理論成果基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行分析,以期對(duì)我國(guó)將來(lái)《海商法》的完善提供些許借鑒。 本文共分為四個(gè)部分。第一部分“承運(yùn)人適航責(zé)任歸責(zé)原則的歷史演變”,重現(xiàn)了不同時(shí)期船舶適航性的發(fā)展歷程,揭示了承運(yùn)人適航責(zé)任由絕對(duì)適航到相對(duì)適航,由相對(duì)適航再到絕對(duì)適航的演進(jìn)路徑。第二部分“承運(yùn)人適航責(zé)任制度中若干法律問(wèn)題研究”,通過(guò)對(duì)船舶的主觀(guān)適航和客觀(guān)適航的分析,為大陸法系國(guó)家對(duì)船舶適航性的把握提供思路;對(duì)首要義務(wù)與航海過(guò)失免責(zé)做了細(xì)致的探討,為明確二者與適航責(zé)任之間的關(guān)系做足理論儲(chǔ)備。第三部分“承運(yùn)人適航責(zé)任的價(jià)值分析”,從法的價(jià)值分析和法經(jīng)濟(jì)分析層面,對(duì)承托雙方的適航責(zé)任合理分配及廢除海航過(guò)失免責(zé)做出價(jià)值分析。第四部分“承運(yùn)人適航責(zé)任的未來(lái)發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)及我國(guó)海商法的應(yīng)對(duì)”,得出“私法公法化趨勢(shì)愈加明顯“這一船舶適航未來(lái)發(fā)展趨勢(shì);并對(duì)完善我國(guó)未來(lái)《海商法》提供建設(shè)性意見(jiàn):在重塑我國(guó)適航義務(wù)之基礎(chǔ)性地位及廢除航海過(guò)失免責(zé)條款的同時(shí),應(yīng)通過(guò)修改免責(zé)條款、排除瓦里斯庫(kù)拉原則的適用、舉證責(zé)任的重新分配等制度安排構(gòu)建船貨雙方利益新平衡。
[Abstract]:In International Maritime transport, the carrier, as the subject of performance of the contract of carriage of goods, has a close relationship with the interests of the parties to the contract in terms of its distribution of obligations, liability sharing and exemption. It can be said that the carrier's liability system constitutes the basis and core of the whole international maritime legal system, and the carrier's seaworthiness liability and cargo handling liability are also the carrier's liability. As long as we clarify the legal liability of seaworthiness and cargo handling, we can basically understand and grasp the whole international legal system of carriage of goods by sea. The Rotterdam Rules is the fourth unified Convention on Contracts for the international carriage of goods following the Hague Rules, the Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules. The latest development of Yip, which also makes a breakthrough in the carrier's seaworthiness liability system, based on this, this paper attempts to interpret the seaworthiness of the ship, and use the method of value analysis and law and economics analysis, on the seaworthiness liability system in a number of controversial legal issues, the latest in combination with the Rotterdam Rules. On the basis of theoretical analysis, we hope to provide some references for the perfection of China's maritime law in the future.
This paper is divided into four parts. The first part is the historical evolution of the doctrine of liability fixation for carrier's seaworthiness, which reproduces the development of the seaworthiness of ships in different periods, reveals the evolution path of carrier's seaworthiness liability from absolute seaworthiness to relative seaworthiness, from relative seaworthiness to absolute seaworthiness. Through the analysis of the subjective seaworthiness and objective seaworthiness of the ship, this paper provides some ideas for the countries of continental law system to grasp the seaworthiness of the ship; makes a detailed discussion on the primary obligation and the maritime fault exemption, and makes a sufficient theoretical reserve to clarify the relationship between the two and the seaworthiness liability. The value analysis of liability, from the value analysis of law and the economic analysis of law, makes a value analysis on the reasonable allocation of airworthiness liability and the abolition of maritime negligence exemption. It also provides constructive suggestions for perfecting China's Maritime Law in the future: while reshaping the basic status of China's seaworthiness obligations and abolishing the maritime negligence exemption clause, it is necessary to modify the exemption clause to exclude the application of the Valiscula principle and redistribute the burden of proof. New balance of interests.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D996.19

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前6條

1 張麗娜;國(guó)際集裝箱運(yùn)輸中集裝箱缺陷引致貨損的法律責(zé)任承擔(dān)[D];大連海事大學(xué);2011年

2 趙靜;海上貨物運(yùn)輸中承運(yùn)人適航義務(wù)研究[D];天津財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2011年

3 伍健鴻;《鹿特丹規(guī)則》下承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度研究[D];華東理工大學(xué);2012年

4 陳琳;論《鹿特丹規(guī)則》承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度[D];吉林大學(xué);2013年

5 佟思進(jìn);國(guó)際海上貨物運(yùn)輸承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度演變研究[D];華東政法大學(xué);2013年

6 黃曉鴿;海商法中的承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度研究[D];華東政法大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：2226020