以“喜羊羊案”為例論違反保護(hù)他人之法律的侵權(quán)責(zé)任及其獨(dú)立性
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-06-20 23:12
【摘要】:2013年一起兒童模仿《喜羊羊與灰太狼》中“狼烤羊”的劇情,將玩伴綁在樹(shù)上致大火燒傷的案件引起學(xué)界和社會(huì)上的廣泛關(guān)注。而具體原因是此案在一審中最后判決,不僅實(shí)施放火侵害行為的一方被告承擔(dān)侵權(quán)責(zé)任,更是由《喜羊羊與灰太狼》的動(dòng)畫(huà)制作公司承擔(dān)了15%的責(zé)任。1二審此案三方當(dāng)事人達(dá)成調(diào)解,本文就不再討論。 “喜羊羊案”是我國(guó)違反保護(hù)他人之法律的侵權(quán)行為中,首例由影視劇制作公司承擔(dān)侵權(quán)責(zé)任的案件。筆者認(rèn)為一審法院在此案的判決上處理的較為妥當(dāng),由動(dòng)畫(huà)片制作公司一方承擔(dān)侵權(quán)責(zé)任也是有據(jù)可循。因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)代社會(huì)飛速發(fā)展,《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》規(guī)定的侵權(quán)責(zé)任有限,并不足以規(guī)范侵犯“新興權(quán)利”的行為,而適用違反保護(hù)他人之法律的侵權(quán)責(zé)任正恰好彌補(bǔ)了它的不足,也在一定程度上限制了法院的自由裁量權(quán),真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了“有法可依,有法必依”。但違反保護(hù)他人之法律的侵權(quán)責(zé)任在適用時(shí)為避免濫用,也應(yīng)當(dāng)符合《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》中規(guī)定的侵權(quán)行為的構(gòu)成要件。即需要滿足行為人違反了相關(guān)的規(guī)制法;受害人是規(guī)制法所期望保護(hù)的對(duì)象;受害人的損失于行為人違反規(guī)制法之間具有因果關(guān)系。 值得說(shuō)明的是,在違反保護(hù)他人之法律的侵權(quán)責(zé)任中,一般認(rèn)為只要違反了相關(guān)的法律規(guī)制法,就具有過(guò)錯(cuò),而且主要是過(guò)失。這在“喜羊羊案”中就可以看出,“喜羊羊”的制作公司在制作發(fā)行動(dòng)畫(huà)片之前毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)已經(jīng)經(jīng)過(guò)了國(guó)家相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)的審批,在行政法上是合法的,但其卻忽視了《未成年人保護(hù)法》中的相關(guān)規(guī)定,播放的內(nèi)容中有不適合未成年人觀看的暴力情節(jié)卻沒(méi)有加注提示語(yǔ)防止未成年人模仿劇中情節(jié),從而違反了《未成年人保護(hù)法》且具有過(guò)失。并且“喜羊羊案”的原告兒童被火燒傷的結(jié)果與制作公司發(fā)行含有暴力內(nèi)容的動(dòng)畫(huà)片之間存在事實(shí)上的因果關(guān)系,因此本案適用違反保護(hù)他人之法律的侵權(quán)責(zé)任是沒(méi)有任何問(wèn)題的。 基于我國(guó)《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》沒(méi)有違反保護(hù)他人之法律的侵權(quán)責(zé)任的相關(guān)規(guī)定,但在司法實(shí)踐中卻不能避免這一問(wèn)題的情況,筆者認(rèn)為確認(rèn)其獨(dú)立性是可行的。第一,雖然現(xiàn)在的法律體系相對(duì)健全,民事主體尋求救濟(jì)的途徑也有多種選擇,,但法律畢竟是滯后的,“新興權(quán)利”的誕生已經(jīng)不足以《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》來(lái)規(guī)范,若將違反保護(hù)他人之法律的侵權(quán)責(zé)任作為獨(dú)立的侵權(quán)類型存在,不僅擴(kuò)大了《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》的保護(hù)范圍,也給被侵權(quán)人提供了新的救濟(jì)方式;第二,違反保護(hù)他人之法律的侵權(quán)責(zé)任可以作為連接不同部門(mén)法的橋梁,有利于不同法域之間的溝通;第三,違反保護(hù)他人之法律的侵權(quán)責(zé)任合理的限制了一些行為自由,有利于平衡行為自由與社會(huì)資源之間的矛盾;第四,違反保護(hù)他人之法律的侵權(quán)責(zé)任在認(rèn)定過(guò)錯(cuò)上具有優(yōu)勢(shì);谏鲜隼碛桑P者認(rèn)為將違反保護(hù)他人之法律的侵權(quán)責(zé)任作為獨(dú)立的侵權(quán)責(zé)任類型是可行的,通過(guò)此文表達(dá)筆者粗淺的見(jiàn)解,意在拋磚引玉,為《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》的發(fā)展作出些許貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:In 2013, the children imitates the plot of the "Wolf Roast" of the Xiyang-yang-sheep and the grey-too-wolf>, and the case of the burning of the fire with the binding of the children in the tree has attracted wide attention from the academic circles and the society. The specific reason is that the case in the last sentence of the first instance, not only the party accused of the setting of the fire violence, the tort liability, but also the animation production company that is less than the sheep and the gray too wolf> bear 15% of the responsibility.1 Second instance the three parties to the case to reach the mediation, this article is no longer discussed. "the case of the sheep of the sheep" is the first case of the infringement of the law of the protection of others in our country, the first case in which the company is responsible for the infringement of the film and television play The author thinks that the court of first instance is more appropriate to deal with the judgment of the case, and the responsibility for infringement of one party by the cartoon making company is also the case. On the other hand, because of the rapid development of the modern society, the tort liability law of the tort liability law is limited, and it is not enough to regulate the behavior of the "emerging rights", and the tort liability for the violation of the law of the protection of others is just making up for its deficiency, and to a certain extent the freedom of the court is limited. 鏉
本文編號(hào):2503589
[Abstract]:In 2013, the children imitates the plot of the "Wolf Roast" of the Xiyang-yang-sheep and the grey-too-wolf>, and the case of the burning of the fire with the binding of the children in the tree has attracted wide attention from the academic circles and the society. The specific reason is that the case in the last sentence of the first instance, not only the party accused of the setting of the fire violence, the tort liability, but also the animation production company that is less than the sheep and the gray too wolf> bear 15% of the responsibility.1 Second instance the three parties to the case to reach the mediation, this article is no longer discussed. "the case of the sheep of the sheep" is the first case of the infringement of the law of the protection of others in our country, the first case in which the company is responsible for the infringement of the film and television play The author thinks that the court of first instance is more appropriate to deal with the judgment of the case, and the responsibility for infringement of one party by the cartoon making company is also the case. On the other hand, because of the rapid development of the modern society, the tort liability law of the tort liability law is limited, and it is not enough to regulate the behavior of the "emerging rights", and the tort liability for the violation of the law of the protection of others is just making up for its deficiency, and to a certain extent the freedom of the court is limited. 鏉
本文編號(hào):2503589
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