【摘要】：現(xiàn)代社會,利益關(guān)系錯綜復(fù)雜,人們的權(quán)益保護(hù)意識提高,新型權(quán)益糾紛案件數(shù)量增加。毋庸置疑,《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》的實(shí)施對民事法益的保護(hù)有很大的進(jìn)步意義,但也毋庸諱言,我國民事法益的保護(hù)仍然存在諸多缺陷。因此非常有必要對民事法益進(jìn)行深入研究,明確其內(nèi)涵,進(jìn)而通過與域外法的比較,借鑒國外先進(jìn)的立法理論和司法實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),構(gòu)建具有我國特色的民事法益保護(hù)模式。論文在緒論部分首先介紹了研究背景,回顧了我國對民事法益的保護(hù)之路,然后通過文獻(xiàn)綜述對已有的理論研究進(jìn)行了梳理,明確了研究意義,提出了研究方法。論文共分四個部分,按照提出問題、分析問題和解決問題的邏輯行文。論文第一章指出了我國侵權(quán)法上法益保護(hù)所面臨的困境。這主要體現(xiàn)在三個方面:首先,《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》第二條對法益范圍的規(guī)定較為模糊,間接地忽視了法益的保護(hù);其次,我國對權(quán)利和法益采取概括保護(hù),一定程度上限制了行為自由;再次,《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》與其他民事法律在法益規(guī)定方面存在矛盾。文章認(rèn)為這些問題的根本原因是民事權(quán)利和法益的界定不清楚。論文第二章對民事法益進(jìn)行了理論界定。為了解決上章提出的問題,第二章進(jìn)行了法益的概念辨析和特征判斷,文章認(rèn)為法益就是法律主體享有的受法律保護(hù)的未上升為權(quán)利的利益,法益具有主體資格缺失性,表現(xiàn)形式不明確性以及法律消極承認(rèn)性。通過與權(quán)利的比較,將整個民事利益體系分為權(quán)利、法益和自由資源三部分。論文第三章將視野放諸世界,運(yùn)用比較法學(xué)的方法對民事法益進(jìn)行探索。英美法系的經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義保護(hù)模式,法國的概括保護(hù)模式以及德國的層次保護(hù)模式,都致力于在權(quán)益保護(hù)和行為自由之間尋找平衡。這些立法模式都具有較強(qiáng)的借鑒意義,但是在借鑒的過程中應(yīng)注意在法理層面做到與我國法律中的本土元素相契合。論文第四章回歸到我國立法,建立起具有特色的法益保護(hù)方式。在法益的界定方面,可以加強(qiáng)指導(dǎo)性案例的重要性,同時在法理上明確法益考量因素。在法益保護(hù)方面,借鑒德國建立起層次保護(hù)模式,對權(quán)利和法益進(jìn)行區(qū)分保護(hù)。文章主張不對《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》和《民法通則》進(jìn)行修改,而是充分利用法解釋學(xué)的方法對現(xiàn)有的法條進(jìn)行解釋。
[Abstract]:In modern society, the relationship of interests is complicated, people's consciousness of protecting rights and interests is improved, and the number of new-type rights and interests disputes is increased. There is no doubt that the implementation of Tort liability Law has great progressive significance to the protection of civil legal interests, but there are still many defects in the protection of civil legal interests in China. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the civil legal interest deeply, to clarify its connotation, and then to construct the civil legal interest protection mode with Chinese characteristics by comparing with the extraterritorial law, drawing lessons from the advanced legislative theory and judicial practical experience of foreign countries. In the introduction part, the paper first introduces the research background, reviews the way to protect the civil legal interests in our country, and then combs the existing theoretical research through literature review, clarifies the significance of the research, and puts forward the research methods. The thesis is divided into four parts. According to the logic of problem-raising, problem-solving and problem-solving, the thesis is divided into four parts. The first chapter points out the dilemma of legal interest protection in the tort law of our country. This is mainly reflected in three aspects: firstly, Article 2 of Tort liability Law is vague about the scope of legal interest, and indirectly neglects the protection of legal interest; Secondly, the general protection of rights and legal interests in China limits the freedom of conduct to a certain extent; thirdly, the Tort liability Law and other civil laws in the legal interests of the provisions of contradictions. The article thinks that the root cause of these problems is that the definition of civil rights and legal interests is not clear. The second chapter defines the civil legal interest in theory. In order to solve the problems raised in the previous chapter, the second chapter analyzes the concept of legal interest and judges its characteristics. The article thinks that legal interest is the benefit that the legal subject has not risen to the right protected by the law, and the legal interest has the character of missing the subject's qualification. The form of expression is unclear and the negative recognition of the law. Through the comparison with rights, the whole civil interest system is divided into three parts: rights, legal interests and free resources. In the third chapter, we use comparative law to explore the interests of civil law. The empirical protection model in Anglo-American law system, the generalized protection model in France and the hierarchical protection model in Germany are all committed to finding a balance between the protection of rights and interests and the freedom of conduct. These legislative models have strong reference significance, but in the process of drawing lessons, we should pay attention to match with the native elements in the law of our country at the legal level. The fourth chapter returns to our country legislation, establishes the characteristic legal interest protection way. In the definition of legal interests, the importance of guiding cases can be strengthened, and the legal interests consideration factors can be clearly defined in legal theory. In the aspect of legal interest protection, the right and legal interest should be separately protected by establishing a hierarchical protection model for reference from Germany. This paper argues that the Tort liability Law and the General principles of Civil Law should not be amended, but should make full use of the method of legal hermeneutics to interpret the existing articles of law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923

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本文編號：2455349