利益平衡視角下的我國植物新品種保護制度研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-01 06:45
【摘要】：生物技術(shù)水平是衡量一國綜合實力的重要標準,現(xiàn)已成為國際競爭中各國激烈爭奪的戰(zhàn)略制高點。植物新品種作為生物技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的重要成果,加強對其保護是激勵育種研發(fā)、促進育種產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、保障農(nóng)業(yè)安全的重要舉措。主要發(fā)達國家為了保障、擴張其全球利益,極力推動對植物新品種進行高水平的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護,從而憑借其經(jīng)濟技術(shù)優(yōu)勢實現(xiàn)對其他國家,尤其是發(fā)展中國家育種及相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的控制。雖然植物新品種保護水平的逐步提高是知識經(jīng)濟時代的必然趨勢,但是我國現(xiàn)階段存在農(nóng)業(yè)育種創(chuàng)新能力不足、植物遺傳資源流失嚴重、農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)薄弱、農(nóng)民生活水平有待提高、育種產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展滯后等問題。在這種國際國內(nèi)背景之下,對植物新品種保護中的各方利益進行深入分析,綜合考慮激勵育種創(chuàng)新、保護植物遺傳資源提供者及農(nóng)民種植者利益、防范糧食安全風險以及保護生物多樣性等多重目標,對解決我國植物新品種保護中存在的利益失衡,建立符合我國國情的、平衡各方主體利益的植物新品種保護制度具有重大意義。本研究首先對植物新品種保護基本理論進行了梳理。界定了植物新品種,回顧了植物新品種保護的起源與發(fā)展歷程,揭示了對植物新品種進行保護的意義,并闡述了植物新品種保護的法學理論基礎(chǔ)。其次,對植物新品種保護進行了利益分析。分析了植物新品種保護中存在的四對主要矛盾:育種者利益之間、育種者利益與遺傳資源提供方利益之間、育種者利益與農(nóng)民種植者利益之間、育種者利益與社會公共利益的矛盾,指出了在植物新品種保護制度中實現(xiàn)利益平衡的重要性、需要考量的因素,并結(jié)合現(xiàn)實國情分析了我國在植物新品種保護中所應(yīng)追求的利益平衡。再次,梳理了我國關(guān)于植物新品種保護的主要法律法規(guī)、規(guī)章、司法解釋,并分析了我國植物新品種保護制度在處理以上四對主要矛盾中存在的相對利益失衡。又次,分析了現(xiàn)今的植物新品種保護國際格局,并從后續(xù)育種者、遺傳資源提供方、農(nóng)民種植者以及社會公共利益四個方面對美國、歐盟與印度、非洲的植物新品種保護制度作了對比分析,并總結(jié)出了相應(yīng)啟示。最后,總結(jié)了完善我國植物新品種保護制度應(yīng)該遵循的基本原則,并針對我國現(xiàn)行制度中存在的相對利益失衡,從利益平衡的角度提出了相應(yīng)完善建議。
[Abstract]:Biotechnology level is an important standard to measure the comprehensive strength of a country, and has become the strategic commanding point of fierce competition among countries in the international competition. As an important achievement of biotechnology innovation, strengthening the protection of new plant varieties is an important measure to stimulate breeding research and development, promote the development of breeding industry and ensure the safety of agriculture. The major developed countries, in order to safeguard and expand their global interests, strive to promote a high level of intellectual property protection for new plant varieties so as to achieve, by virtue of their economic and technological advantages, other countries, Especially the control of breeding and related industries in developing countries. Although the gradual improvement of the protection level of new plant varieties is an inevitable trend in the era of knowledge economy, at the present stage of our country, there is insufficient ability of agricultural breeding innovation, serious loss of plant genetic resources, and weak agricultural foundation. The living standard of farmers needs to be improved and the development of breeding industry lags behind. In this international and domestic context, the interests of various parties in the protection of new plant varieties are thoroughly analyzed, and comprehensive consideration is given to encouraging breeding innovation and protecting the interests of plant genetic resources providers and farmers. To prevent the risk of food security and protect biodiversity, and so on, in order to solve the imbalance of interests existing in the protection of new plant varieties in China, and to establish those that are in line with the national conditions of our country, It is of great significance to balance the main interests of all parties in the protection system of new plant varieties. In this study, the basic theory of new plant variety protection was firstly combed out. This paper defines new varieties of plants, reviews the origin and development of protection of new varieties of plants, reveals the significance of protecting new varieties of plants, and expounds the theoretical basis of law on the protection of new varieties of plants. Secondly, the benefit analysis of new plant variety protection was carried out. Four main contradictions existing in the protection of new plant varieties were analyzed: the interests of breeders, the interests of breeders and the providers of genetic resources, and the interests of breeders and farmers. The contradiction between breeders' interests and social and public interests points out the importance of realizing the balance of interests in the protection system of new plant varieties, and the factors that need to be considered. The balance of benefits that should be pursued in the protection of new plant varieties in China was analyzed in the light of the actual situation. Thirdly, it combs the main laws and regulations, regulations and judicial explanations about the protection of new plant varieties in our country, and analyzes the relative interest imbalance existing in dealing with the above four main contradictions in the protection system of new plant varieties in our country. Again, the current international pattern of new plant variety protection is analyzed, and from the following four aspects: breeders, genetic resource providers, farmers growers and the public interest of the society to the United States, the European Union and India, The new plant variety protection system in Africa was compared and analyzed, and the corresponding enlightenment was summarized. Finally, the basic principles that should be followed to perfect the protection system of new plant varieties in China were summarized, and the relative interest imbalance existed in the current system of our country was pointed out, and the corresponding perfection suggestions were put forward from the point of view of interest balance.
【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.4
本文編號：2451308
[Abstract]:Biotechnology level is an important standard to measure the comprehensive strength of a country, and has become the strategic commanding point of fierce competition among countries in the international competition. As an important achievement of biotechnology innovation, strengthening the protection of new plant varieties is an important measure to stimulate breeding research and development, promote the development of breeding industry and ensure the safety of agriculture. The major developed countries, in order to safeguard and expand their global interests, strive to promote a high level of intellectual property protection for new plant varieties so as to achieve, by virtue of their economic and technological advantages, other countries, Especially the control of breeding and related industries in developing countries. Although the gradual improvement of the protection level of new plant varieties is an inevitable trend in the era of knowledge economy, at the present stage of our country, there is insufficient ability of agricultural breeding innovation, serious loss of plant genetic resources, and weak agricultural foundation. The living standard of farmers needs to be improved and the development of breeding industry lags behind. In this international and domestic context, the interests of various parties in the protection of new plant varieties are thoroughly analyzed, and comprehensive consideration is given to encouraging breeding innovation and protecting the interests of plant genetic resources providers and farmers. To prevent the risk of food security and protect biodiversity, and so on, in order to solve the imbalance of interests existing in the protection of new plant varieties in China, and to establish those that are in line with the national conditions of our country, It is of great significance to balance the main interests of all parties in the protection system of new plant varieties. In this study, the basic theory of new plant variety protection was firstly combed out. This paper defines new varieties of plants, reviews the origin and development of protection of new varieties of plants, reveals the significance of protecting new varieties of plants, and expounds the theoretical basis of law on the protection of new varieties of plants. Secondly, the benefit analysis of new plant variety protection was carried out. Four main contradictions existing in the protection of new plant varieties were analyzed: the interests of breeders, the interests of breeders and the providers of genetic resources, and the interests of breeders and farmers. The contradiction between breeders' interests and social and public interests points out the importance of realizing the balance of interests in the protection system of new plant varieties, and the factors that need to be considered. The balance of benefits that should be pursued in the protection of new plant varieties in China was analyzed in the light of the actual situation. Thirdly, it combs the main laws and regulations, regulations and judicial explanations about the protection of new plant varieties in our country, and analyzes the relative interest imbalance existing in dealing with the above four main contradictions in the protection system of new plant varieties in our country. Again, the current international pattern of new plant variety protection is analyzed, and from the following four aspects: breeders, genetic resource providers, farmers growers and the public interest of the society to the United States, the European Union and India, The new plant variety protection system in Africa was compared and analyzed, and the corresponding enlightenment was summarized. Finally, the basic principles that should be followed to perfect the protection system of new plant varieties in China were summarized, and the relative interest imbalance existed in the current system of our country was pointed out, and the corresponding perfection suggestions were put forward from the point of view of interest balance.
【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.4
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