【摘要】：侵權(quán)案件有一類特殊的受害人——未成年人,他們具有未成年及受害人的雙重弱勢身份,未成年人遭受侵害時責(zé)任承擔(dān)涉及加害人、未成年受害人自身、監(jiān)護(hù)人三方。此時三方責(zé)任的劃分已經(jīng)較為復(fù)雜,更何況涉及未成年人受侵害賠償中的過失相抵問題。我國民法體系僅有一般侵權(quán)責(zé)任承擔(dān)過失相抵的法律規(guī)定,對于未成年受害人的過失相抵仍處于法律無特別規(guī)定狀態(tài)。目前我國司法實踐處理該類案件以最高人民法院20余年前的兩個復(fù)函為指導(dǎo),凡未成年人受侵害案件,大多由加害人及受害人一方同時承擔(dān)責(zé)任。根本不考慮未成年受害人的過錯問題,無論是未成年受害人的過錯還是監(jiān)護(hù)人的監(jiān)護(hù)過失,均視為受害人一方的過錯直接適用過錯相抵規(guī)則,進(jìn)而減輕加害人的損害賠償責(zé)任。學(xué)術(shù)界對司法審判機關(guān)一刀切的粗糙處理方式持質(zhì)疑、批判態(tài)度。 本文以云南省魯?shù)榭h人民法院張某甲觸電人身損害判決為典型案例進(jìn)行分析,引出問題；從過失相抵的基本概念入手,通過對過失相抵特征、構(gòu)成要件的深入研究,歸納整理過失相抵的相關(guān)理論,為全文做好理論鋪墊。本文采用各家理論梳理分析、比較法視野考察分析的方法,對未成年人受侵害賠償中適用過失相抵中適用原則及存在的“未成年受侵害時自身過失”、“未成年人受侵害時監(jiān)護(hù)人承擔(dān)過失責(zé)任”兩大爭議問題專項詳盡分析。研究認(rèn)為未成年受侵害賠償過失相抵中,未成年人具有辨識能力為適用的前提,適用中未成年受害人自身過失不容忽視,監(jiān)護(hù)人違反監(jiān)護(hù)職責(zé)的過失造成未成年人損害結(jié)果的發(fā)生或者損害范圍及程度擴大時監(jiān)護(hù)人應(yīng)直接承擔(dān)對未成年人的損害賠償,不宜適用過失相抵。并對我國未成年人損害賠償中過失相抵適用立法及司法實踐的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析提出相應(yīng)可行的完善建議。旨在設(shè)立加害人與受害人侵害責(zé)任均衡分擔(dān),加大對未成年人的保護(hù)力度。
[Abstract]:Infringement cases have a special kind of victims-minors, they have the underage and the victim's double vulnerable status, the minor is responsible for the victimizer, the minor victim himself and the guardian when the minor is infringed. At this time, the division of tripartite liability has been more complex, let alone involving the problem of compensation for minor infringement. The civil law system of our country only has the legal stipulation that the general tort liability bears the fault offset, but the fault offset of the minor victim is still in the state of law. At present, the judicial practice in our country deals with this kind of cases under the guidance of two replies from the Supreme people's Court more than 20 years ago. The fault of the minor victim is not considered at all. Whether the fault of the minor victim or the guardian's fault is regarded as the fault of the victim, the fault offset rule is applied directly, and the damage compensation liability of the offender is reduced. The academic circles hold doubt and critical attitude to the rough way of dealing with the judicial organs in a one-size-fits-all manner. This paper analyzes the typical case of personal injury judgment of Zhang Mou A of the people's Court of Ludian County, Yunnan Province, and leads to the problem. Starting from the basic concept of fault offset, through the in-depth study of fault offset characteristics and constitutive elements, this paper summarizes and arranges the relevant theories of fault offset, and makes a good theoretical foundation for the full text. This article uses various theories to sort out the analysis, the comparative law visual field inspection analysis method, applies to the minor in the infringement compensation in the application principle and the existence "minor is infringed upon own fault", "minors infringed upon the guardian to bear the responsibility for negligence" two major dispute issues specific detailed analysis. It is considered that in the compensation for minor infringement, the minor's ability to identify is the prerequisite, and the minor victim's own fault should not be ignored. The guardian should bear the damage compensation directly when the guardian violates the duty of guardianship, which results in the result of the minor damage or when the scope and extent of the damage is enlarged. It is not appropriate to apply the fault offset. The author also puts forward some feasible suggestions on the application of legislation and judicial practice in the compensation for minor damages. The purpose of this paper is to establish a balanced sharing of victimizer and victim infringement responsibility and to strengthen the protection of minors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923

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本文編號：2402264