【摘要】：失獨老人是近幾年來才引起社會和國家廣泛關注的一個特殊的社會群體。作為我國計劃生育政策的犧牲者之一的失獨老人在獨生子女離世后面臨著養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療、服務等方面的困境,其權益往往得不到來自子女的保障。“失獨”風險是一種家庭風險,但失獨老人更是一種政策的受害者,理論上應該由國家對該群體的權益予以保障,事實上這種保障由于法律制度設計上的空白而難以實現(xiàn)。尤其是隨著失獨老人數(shù)量的增加,關注失獨老人及其衍生的一系列社會問題,并試圖尋找法律與政策途徑實現(xiàn)失獨老人合法權益的有效保障,這對失獨老人的生存和發(fā)展、社會的穩(wěn)定和諧有著重要現(xiàn)實意義�；诖�,本文從失獨老人的特殊性及其權益保障的必要性入手,分析了我國失獨老人權益保障的立法和執(zhí)法存在的問題,進而考察了德、美、日等發(fā)達國家相關制度并予以借鑒,試圖從立法等角度對失獨老人權益保障提出些許思考和設想。文章的第一部分對失獨老人的特殊性進行闡述,進而指出失獨老人權益保障的必要性；第二部分通過對當前我國失獨老人權益保障的概況分析,指出存在的主要問題并分析其成因；第三部分通過對國外相關制度和理念的研究,經(jīng)過比較分析,找出可供我國的借鑒之處；第四部分在前三部分的研究基礎上,具體提出法律層面上失獨老人權益保障的基本路徑。
[Abstract]:The elderly without independence is a special social group which has attracted wide attention of the society and the country in recent years. As one of the victims of our country's family planning policy, the elderly who lost their independence face the dilemma of old-age care, medical treatment and service after the only child's death, whose rights and interests are often not guaranteed by their children. The risk of "losing independence" is a kind of family risk, but the elderly who have lost their independence are the victims of a kind of policy. Theoretically, the rights and interests of this group should be protected by the state. In fact, this kind of protection is difficult to realize because of the blank in the design of the legal system. In particular, with the increase of the number of the elderly who have lost their independence, they are concerned about a series of social problems arising from them, and try to find legal and policy ways to realize the effective protection of their legitimate rights and interests, which will have an impact on the survival and development of the elderly who have lost their independence. Social stability and harmony have important practical significance. Based on this, this paper starts with the particularity of the elderly who lost independence and the necessity of protecting their rights and interests, analyzes the problems existing in the legislation and law enforcement of the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly who have lost independence in China, and then investigates the virtues and the United States. This paper tries to put forward some thoughts and tentative ideas on the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly who have lost independence from the angle of legislation and other related systems in Japan and other developed countries. The first part of the article expounds the particularity of the elderly who lost independence, and then points out the necessity of the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly. The second part points out the main problems and analyzes the causes by analyzing the general situation of the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly who lost independence in our country at present. The third part through the study of foreign related systems and concepts, through comparative analysis, to find out the reference for our country; The fourth part, on the basis of the first three parts, puts forward the basic path of the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly on the legal level.
【學位授予單位】：內蒙古大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.8

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