發(fā)布時間：2018-12-12 00:04

【摘要】：隨著《民法總則》的通過,民法典的修訂逐漸加快了腳步,而繼承作為民法典的重要組成部分,它的修改與擴(kuò)充也是其中一個要點。在其他國家,特留份制度已經(jīng)存在良久,各自形成了自己獨特的體系,由于其對遺囑自由的限制作用,使其成為繼承法中必不可少的一部分。我國的繼承法中始終沒有出現(xiàn)關(guān)于特留份制度的規(guī)定,而剛剛通過的《民法總則》中保護(hù)胎兒的遺產(chǎn)權(quán)利的規(guī)定在某種程度上,昭示著特留份即將出現(xiàn)在新的民法典當(dāng)中。由此,特留份制度的設(shè)立已是箭在弦上,而如何設(shè)立還是未知數(shù)。關(guān)于特留份設(shè)立的相關(guān)問題有如下幾個方面:首先,什么是特留份制度,它的概念是什么,與必留份制度間有怎樣的關(guān)系,它的特征又是什么;其次,特留份制度設(shè)立的依據(jù)是什么,是否有它必須存在的理論支撐;最后,在我國特留份制度究竟應(yīng)當(dāng)如何設(shè)立,權(quán)利人范圍、權(quán)利的限制與保護(hù)、份額等問題如何設(shè)置。根據(jù)上述問題,文章主要結(jié)構(gòu)分為三大部分,分別是特留份制度概述、特留份制度的理論基礎(chǔ)和特留份制度的立法展望,在這三部分中,依次對前文所羅列的問題進(jìn)行闡述。特留份制度的概述中首先從對現(xiàn)有的資料的分析中得出我國需要設(shè)立的特留份制度的概念,包括它的定義、主體、客體、權(quán)利義務(wù)等,然后對特留份制度在其他國家的發(fā)展情況進(jìn)行簡單介紹,最后對特留份在我國立法中曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的痕跡進(jìn)行梳理。特留份的理論基礎(chǔ)部分主要介紹特留份設(shè)立的法理基礎(chǔ)和法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。法理基礎(chǔ)包括立法精神、社會效益、公序良俗等方面,法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)則是通過制度的博弈演化理論和成本效益均衡分析的知識來為其提供理論支持。文章重點在于最后特留份制度的立法展望部分,在這一章中會提出特留份制度立法的具體構(gòu)想。包括能夠享有特留份的繼承人應(yīng)當(dāng)有哪些,如何確定他們的身份,還有當(dāng)特留份權(quán)利受到侵害時能有怎樣的救濟(jì)方式,在這些救濟(jì)方式下應(yīng)當(dāng)如何操作,最后通過對能夠影響到特留份份額確定的因素的分析總結(jié)出具體的確定方案。文章圍繞特留份制度設(shè)立的相關(guān)問題依次展開,層層遞進(jìn),力求清晰展現(xiàn)特留份制度的脈絡(luò),為相關(guān)問題尋求合理的解釋。
[Abstract]:With the adoption of the General principles of Civil Law, the revision of the Civil Code has gradually quickened its pace. As an important part of the Civil Code, the amendment and expansion of the Civil Code is also one of the key points. In other countries, the retention system has existed for a long time, each has formed its own unique system, because of its restrictions on the freedom of will, it has become an indispensable part of the inheritance law. The inheritance law of our country has never appeared the stipulation of the special retention system, but the provisions on protecting the right of the fetal heritage in the newly adopted General principles of Civil Law, to some extent, indicate that the special retention will soon appear in the new civil code. As a result, the establishment of the retention system has been on the string, and how to set up is still unknown. There are several aspects about the establishment of special retention: first of all, what is the special retention system, what is its concept, what is the relationship between it and the mandatory share system, and what are its characteristics; Secondly, what is the basis of the establishment of the special retention system, whether it must exist theoretical support; finally, in our country, the special share system should be set up, the scope of the right holder, the restriction and protection of the right, the share and so on how to set up. According to the above problems, the main structure of the article is divided into three parts: the outline of the special retention system, the theoretical basis of the special retention system and the legislative outlook of the special retention system. In these three parts, the problems listed in the preceding articles are expounded in turn. In the outline of the special retention system, firstly, from the analysis of the existing information, the concept of the special retention system, including its definition, subject, object, rights and obligations and so on, is derived from the analysis of the existing information in our country. Then it briefly introduces the development of the retention system in other countries, and finally combs the traces that have appeared in the legislation of our country. The theoretical basis part mainly introduces the legal basis and the legal and economic basis. The legal basis includes legislative spirit, social benefits, public order and good customs, etc. The basis of law and economics is to provide theoretical support through the game evolution theory of system and the knowledge of cost-benefit equilibrium analysis. In this chapter, the author puts forward the concrete conception of the legislation of the retention system. Including what should be the heirs who are able to enjoy the extra portion, how to determine their identity, and what remedies can be provided when the retention rights are infringed on, and how to operate under these remedies, Finally, through the analysis of the factors which can affect the determination of the extra share, the specific determination scheme is concluded. The article revolves around the establishment of the special share system in turn, layer by layer, trying to clearly show the context of the system, to find a reasonable explanation for the relevant issues.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.5

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