【摘要】：《中華人民共和國繼承法》(以下簡稱《繼承法》)當(dāng)中以必繼份制度規(guī)定的設(shè)定保護(hù)了一定范圍法定繼承人的利益。必繼份制度對遺囑人的遺囑自由做出了一定的限制,要求其在訂立遺囑時必須為法律所規(guī)定的喪失勞動能力并且沒有生活來源的法定繼承人保留一部分財產(chǎn),出于保護(hù)弱者的目的給予這部分法定繼承人一定的保護(hù)。同時,在涉及胎兒的情形下,也還需要為胎兒保留一定數(shù)額的財產(chǎn),對胎兒的利益進(jìn)行保護(hù)。必繼份制度在司法實踐中起到了一定的作用,但是隨著我國司法實踐中發(fā)生的繼承案件變得越來越復(fù)雜,頻頻出現(xiàn)類似遺囑人通過遺贈的方式將財產(chǎn)贈與給照顧自己的家政人員,或者與其有婚姻外不正當(dāng)兩性關(guān)系的第三人的現(xiàn)象逐漸增多,我國的必繼份制度在司法實務(wù)中已經(jīng)無法良好地解決現(xiàn)存的各種繼承糾紛。反觀日本,其對于法定繼承人利益的保護(hù)制度則更為完善,日本在其《日本民法典》當(dāng)中規(guī)定了特留份制度,規(guī)定遺囑人需要為特定的法定繼承人保留一定的財產(chǎn),一旦未保留或保留的數(shù)額不足,特留份權(quán)利人就可以申請對遺產(chǎn)扣減相應(yīng)的份額,以維護(hù)自身的權(quán)益。但是由于日本的特留份制度制定年限較早,在實際應(yīng)用中也遇到了各種困境,本文將結(jié)合日本特留份制度的一些理論與實踐現(xiàn)狀,分析我國現(xiàn)階段建立特留份制度的必要性,并提出相應(yīng)的建議。本文共分為四個章節(jié)。第一章是文章的緒論部分,將主要通過實踐中的司法案例引出本文研究的主要問題,同時將會介紹特留份制度現(xiàn)階段在我國和日本的研究現(xiàn)狀。第二章是特留份制度的概述部分。在這一部分,本文將主要對日本特留份制度的一些基礎(chǔ)性內(nèi)容進(jìn)行介紹。本文將對特留份制度的概念進(jìn)行較為細(xì)致的分析,同時,還將通過特留份制度與必繼份制度的比較分析必留份制度與我國司法實踐的不適應(yīng)性,強(qiáng)調(diào)特留份制度在我國建立的必要性。第三章將對日本特留份制度現(xiàn)階段存在的成績以及不足進(jìn)行介紹。首先,本文將介紹《日本民法典》中對于日本特留份制度的一些具體立法規(guī)定,可以在了解日本制度的同時,確定本文研究內(nèi)容的法律依據(jù)。其次,本文將結(jié)合日本司法實務(wù)中的一些案例對日本特留份制度的實踐現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析和總結(jié),在承認(rèn)其成績的同時,也將對其權(quán)利性質(zhì)界定模糊,股權(quán)分配問題以及與法定繼承和遺囑繼承的調(diào)和等問題進(jìn)行介紹。第四章是對特留份制度建設(shè)的一些建議。本文將結(jié)合日本特留份制度帶給我們的啟示,提出對我國制度構(gòu)建的建議。由于我國現(xiàn)階段并不存在特留份制度,因此本文將從特留份制度的建設(shè)體例,特留份權(quán)利主體,特留份權(quán)利數(shù)額確定,特留份權(quán)利人的救濟(jì)等幾個方面對特留份制度的建設(shè)提出建議。在論證的過程中,本文也將對比分析日本的一些法律建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀,以更好的尋找適合我國制度建設(shè)的途徑。
[Abstract]:The inheritance Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the inheritance Law) protects the interests of legal heirs in a certain range by the provisions of the mandatory succession system. The mandatory system restricted the testator's freedom of will and required him to retain a portion of his property for the legally incapacitated and incapacitated heir at the time of making a will. This part of the legal heirs is given some protection for the protection of the weak. At the same time, in the case of fetus, we also need to preserve a certain amount of property for the fetus to protect the interests of the fetus. The mandatory share system has played a certain role in judicial practice, but with the occurrence of inheritance cases in judicial practice in our country has become more and more complex, Frequently, the phenomenon of testator giving property to domestic workers who take care of themselves through bequests, or the phenomenon of a third person with whom he has an improper sexual relationship outside of marriage has gradually increased. In the judicial practice, the system of succession has not been able to resolve all kinds of inheritance disputes. On the other hand, in Japan, its system of protecting the interests of legal successors is more perfect. In Japan's Civil Code of Japan, a special retention system is stipulated, and the testator is required to reserve certain property for a specific legal heir. Once the amount is not reserved or the amount reserved is insufficient, the holder may apply for a corresponding share of the deduction of the estate in order to protect his own rights and interests. However, due to the early establishment of the special retention system in Japan and the difficulties encountered in its practical application, this paper will analyze the necessity of establishing the special retention system in our country at the present stage, in the light of some theories and practical situations of the special retention system in Japan. And put forward the corresponding suggestions. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the introduction of the article, mainly through the practice of judicial cases to lead to the main problems of this study, and will introduce the current situation of the study of the retention system in China and Japan. The second chapter is an overview of the retention system. In this part, this paper will mainly introduce some basic contents of Japanese special reservation system. This article will carry on the detailed analysis to the special retention system concept, at the same time, will also through the special retention system and the necessary share system comparison analysis must retain the share system and our country judicial practice inadaptability. It emphasizes the necessity of establishing the special retention system in our country. The third chapter will introduce the achievements and shortcomings of Japan's special reservation system at the present stage. First of all, this paper will introduce some specific legislative provisions of the Japanese Civil Code on the special share system in Japan, which can determine the legal basis of the content of this study while we understand the Japanese system. Secondly, this paper will analyze and summarize the practice status of Japanese special share system in combination with some cases in Japanese judicial practice, while acknowledging its achievements, it will also define the nature of its rights vaguely. The issue of equity allocation and the reconciliation with legal succession and testamentary succession are introduced. The fourth chapter is some suggestions on the construction of the retention system. This article will combine the Japanese special share system to bring us the enlightenment, will put forward the suggestion to our country system construction. Since there is no special retention system in our country at the present stage, this paper will determine the amount of the special retention right from the perspective of the construction style of the special retention system, the subject of the special retention right and the amount of the special retention right. The author puts forward some suggestions on the construction of the special retention system in several aspects, such as the relief of the obligee. In the process of argumentation, this paper will also compare and analyze the current situation of Japan's legal construction, in order to better find suitable ways for our country's system construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.5;D931.3;DD913

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本文編號：2251026