論公民“被遺忘權(quán)”的法律保護(hù)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-07 11:16
【摘要】：公民處在網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代下,公民的個(gè)人信息容易被收集和使用。公民上傳至網(wǎng)絡(luò)的個(gè)人信息如果被收集起來(lái),將是一個(gè)天文數(shù)字。同時(shí),也會(huì)給有需要的企業(yè)帶來(lái)巨大的利益。公民的個(gè)人信息不僅關(guān)系著個(gè)人的隱私,其自身也帶有巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。所以,如何保護(hù)公民的個(gè)人信息不被濫用,保護(hù)公民的正當(dāng)權(quán)益,是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)科學(xué)技術(shù)有利有弊。記憶數(shù)字化幫助人類(lèi)擺脫了正常遺忘的約束,使人們能夠隨時(shí)找到當(dāng)初已經(jīng)遺忘的信息,但正是因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)記憶是一把雙刃劍,永久化的記憶也有不可預(yù)料的后果。因?yàn)檫@些數(shù)字化的記憶具有可檢索性和永久性的特征,所以會(huì)使個(gè)體失去對(duì)自己所有的個(gè)人信息的控制能力。分析其內(nèi)在原因,網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)日臻成熟,越來(lái)越多的用戶(hù)選擇將網(wǎng)絡(luò)變成日常生活的必須工具,這樣就使網(wǎng)絡(luò)在其巨大的空間中保留了用戶(hù)的所有信息。但是,這種保留不是封閉的保密的,生活中所有會(huì)使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)的人都可以在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上搜索自己的信息,當(dāng)然也可以搜索到他人的信息,訪(fǎng)問(wèn)他人的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù),并且這種搜索和訪(fǎng)問(wèn)行為是未經(jīng)信息所有人或信息控制人未允許的情況下。即使是日常的網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物也會(huì)留下大量的個(gè)人信息在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上,再加上數(shù)字記憶的永久性特征,他人可訪(fǎng)問(wèn)的個(gè)人信息在日積月累下會(huì)越來(lái)越多。當(dāng)越來(lái)越多的網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶(hù)發(fā)覺(jué)自己應(yīng)經(jīng)無(wú)法控制自己所有的個(gè)人信息時(shí),他們所能做的只能是使自己更加謹(jǐn)慎,使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)更加小心。在這種個(gè)人信息存在被濫用威脅的環(huán)境下,當(dāng)今社會(huì)亟待解決的問(wèn)題應(yīng)當(dāng)包括,使用何種方法解決個(gè)人信息保護(hù),要不要確立被遺忘權(quán),怎樣才能抹除用戶(hù)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上留下的大量痕跡。為解決這些問(wèn)題,韓國(guó)在立法上做出了具體調(diào)整,并在2012年8月重新修訂了《信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)促進(jìn)利用與信息保護(hù)法》,在補(bǔ)充時(shí)把公民的“被遺忘權(quán)”作為重要部分予以添加,并把它作為個(gè)人信息保護(hù)措施的重要手段之一;歐盟委員會(huì)在2012年1月發(fā)布的《關(guān)于個(gè)人信息保護(hù)的改革方案》中,提出增加一項(xiàng)新的權(quán)利即“被遺忘權(quán)”,以保護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)主體的個(gè)人信息不受侵犯。公民行使被遺忘的權(quán)利是為了解決網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)的收集、存儲(chǔ)而產(chǎn)生糾紛的隱患,被遺忘權(quán)不論是在西方還是在我國(guó)法律體系中都是一項(xiàng)新的權(quán)利。不過(guò),被遺忘權(quán)即便在西方,也是有財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)法和隱私權(quán)保護(hù)法作為法律淵源的。財(cái)產(chǎn)法主要關(guān)注保護(hù)信息所有人的財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán),個(gè)人信息數(shù)據(jù)也具有一定的財(cái)產(chǎn)價(jià)值;隱私權(quán)的法律保護(hù)主要關(guān)注信息主體的人格,原因是大部分的個(gè)人信息是隱私數(shù)據(jù),但財(cái)產(chǎn)法和隱私法都不能單獨(dú)為被遺忘權(quán)提供完全的基礎(chǔ)。2012年歐盟委員會(huì)對(duì)被遺忘權(quán)的定義為:即使個(gè)人信息被他人使用也應(yīng)該有明確的使用期限,當(dāng)信息所有者對(duì)收集到的信息不再是必要的,或者當(dāng)不再滿(mǎn)足使用目的的情形下,信息提供者有權(quán)要求有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)將有關(guān)的任何信息刪除,有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)立即刪除或采取措施阻止這些信息進(jìn)一步傳播。這意味著,公民可以隨時(shí)要求刪除自己在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的個(gè)人信息、數(shù)據(jù)資料,只要?jiǎng)h除的行為不違背社會(huì)公共利益和侵犯到他人的合法權(quán)益。我國(guó)的公民個(gè)人信息立法保護(hù)還在處于初級(jí)階段,我國(guó)想要真正意義上的確立被遺忘權(quán),深入細(xì)致的分析研究歐盟、美國(guó)和其他國(guó)家的被遺忘權(quán)立法,十分必要。將其他國(guó)家的立法實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)吸收進(jìn)來(lái),為我所用,也是促進(jìn)法律進(jìn)步的途徑之一。所以,保護(hù)公民個(gè)人信息立法,不僅要國(guó)內(nèi)立法昌明,還要吸收國(guó)外經(jīng)驗(yàn),只要這樣才能提升我國(guó)對(duì)個(gè)人信息的保護(hù)的水平。
[Abstract]:The citizen's personal information is easily collected and used in the Internet age. Personal information uploaded to the network will be an astronomical figure. At the same time, it will also bring great benefits to the enterprises in need. The personal information of citizens is not only related to personal privacy, but also has a huge economy itself. Therefore, how to protect citizens' personal information is not abused and protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. It is a huge challenge. Network science and technology have advantages and disadvantages. The memory digitalization helps people to get rid of the constraints of normal forgetting, so that people can find the information that has been forgotten at any time, but it is because the network memory is a double edge. Swords, permanent memories also have unpredictable consequences. Because these digital memories are searchable and permanent, it will cause the individual to lose control of all its personal information. Analysis of its inherent reasons, network technology is becoming mature, and more and more users choose to turn the network into daily life. Tools, so that the network keeps all the information of the user in its huge space. However, this reservation is not closed and confidential. All people who use the network in life can search their information on the network, and of course, they can also search for other people's information, access other people's personal data, and this search and visit. The behavior is not allowed by the information owner or the information controller. Even the daily online shopping will leave a lot of personal information on the Internet, coupled with the permanent features of digital memory, and the number of personal information that other people can access is increasing. More and more Internet users find themselves. What they can do when they are unable to control all of their personal information is to make themselves more cautious and more careful when using the Internet. Under the circumstances of the threat of abuse of this personal information, the problems to be solved in today's society should include how to use the method to solve personal information protection and to establish it to be forgotten. In order to solve these problems, South Korea has made a concrete adjustment in legislation, and revise the "information network promotion and information protection law" in August 2012, and add the citizen's "right to be forgotten" as an important part and use it as a personal letter in August 2012. One of the important means of interest protection measures; the European Commission, in the reform programme on personal information protection issued by the European Commission in January 2012, proposes to add a new right, "the right to be forgotten", to protect the personal information of the network subject from infringement. The right of the citizens to exercise the right to be forgotten is to solve the collection of personal data under the network environment. The right to amnesia is a new right both in the West and in the legal system of our country. However, the right to be forgotten, even in the west, has the property rights protection law and the privacy protection law as the source of law. The property law mainly focuses on the protection of the property ownership of all the information and personal information. Data also has a certain value of property; the legal protection of privacy is mainly concerned with the personality of the information subject. The reason is that most of the personal information is privacy data, but both property law and privacy law can not provide a complete basis for the right to be forgotten in.2012 years, the European Commission defines the right to be forgotten, even if personal information is given to others. It should also have a clear term of use. When the information owner is no longer necessary to the information collected, or when it is no longer satisfied with the use purpose, the information provider has the right to request the relevant agency to delete any information concerned, and the agency should immediately delete or take measures to prevent the further transmission of the information. The citizen may request to delete the personal information on the network at any time, the data, as long as the act of deleting does not violate the social and public interests and infringes on the legitimate rights and interests of others. The legislative protection of personal information in our country is still in the primary stage, and our country wants to establish the right to be forgotten in the real sense and analyze deeply and carefully. It is necessary to study the forgetting legislation of the European Union, the United States and other countries. It is also one of the ways to promote the legislative progress of other countries, so it is also a way to promote the progress of the law. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the legislation of personal information of citizens, not only in the domestic legislation, but also in the foreign experience. The level of the protection of human information.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923
本文編號(hào)：2169850
[Abstract]:The citizen's personal information is easily collected and used in the Internet age. Personal information uploaded to the network will be an astronomical figure. At the same time, it will also bring great benefits to the enterprises in need. The personal information of citizens is not only related to personal privacy, but also has a huge economy itself. Therefore, how to protect citizens' personal information is not abused and protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. It is a huge challenge. Network science and technology have advantages and disadvantages. The memory digitalization helps people to get rid of the constraints of normal forgetting, so that people can find the information that has been forgotten at any time, but it is because the network memory is a double edge. Swords, permanent memories also have unpredictable consequences. Because these digital memories are searchable and permanent, it will cause the individual to lose control of all its personal information. Analysis of its inherent reasons, network technology is becoming mature, and more and more users choose to turn the network into daily life. Tools, so that the network keeps all the information of the user in its huge space. However, this reservation is not closed and confidential. All people who use the network in life can search their information on the network, and of course, they can also search for other people's information, access other people's personal data, and this search and visit. The behavior is not allowed by the information owner or the information controller. Even the daily online shopping will leave a lot of personal information on the Internet, coupled with the permanent features of digital memory, and the number of personal information that other people can access is increasing. More and more Internet users find themselves. What they can do when they are unable to control all of their personal information is to make themselves more cautious and more careful when using the Internet. Under the circumstances of the threat of abuse of this personal information, the problems to be solved in today's society should include how to use the method to solve personal information protection and to establish it to be forgotten. In order to solve these problems, South Korea has made a concrete adjustment in legislation, and revise the "information network promotion and information protection law" in August 2012, and add the citizen's "right to be forgotten" as an important part and use it as a personal letter in August 2012. One of the important means of interest protection measures; the European Commission, in the reform programme on personal information protection issued by the European Commission in January 2012, proposes to add a new right, "the right to be forgotten", to protect the personal information of the network subject from infringement. The right of the citizens to exercise the right to be forgotten is to solve the collection of personal data under the network environment. The right to amnesia is a new right both in the West and in the legal system of our country. However, the right to be forgotten, even in the west, has the property rights protection law and the privacy protection law as the source of law. The property law mainly focuses on the protection of the property ownership of all the information and personal information. Data also has a certain value of property; the legal protection of privacy is mainly concerned with the personality of the information subject. The reason is that most of the personal information is privacy data, but both property law and privacy law can not provide a complete basis for the right to be forgotten in.2012 years, the European Commission defines the right to be forgotten, even if personal information is given to others. It should also have a clear term of use. When the information owner is no longer necessary to the information collected, or when it is no longer satisfied with the use purpose, the information provider has the right to request the relevant agency to delete any information concerned, and the agency should immediately delete or take measures to prevent the further transmission of the information. The citizen may request to delete the personal information on the network at any time, the data, as long as the act of deleting does not violate the social and public interests and infringes on the legitimate rights and interests of others. The legislative protection of personal information in our country is still in the primary stage, and our country wants to establish the right to be forgotten in the real sense and analyze deeply and carefully. It is necessary to study the forgetting legislation of the European Union, the United States and other countries. It is also one of the ways to promote the legislative progress of other countries, so it is also a way to promote the progress of the law. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the legislation of personal information of citizens, not only in the domestic legislation, but also in the foreign experience. The level of the protection of human information.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923
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