【摘要】：在公共場(chǎng)所播出錄制好的音樂(lè)作品作為一種典型的機(jī)械表演,其所蘊(yùn)含的著作權(quán)在日常生活中往往被人們忽視。究其原因,主要在于立法缺失,司法裁判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不明以及收費(fèi)制度不健全,人們通常因?qū)Τ橄蟮臋C(jī)械表演權(quán)缺乏基礎(chǔ)的認(rèn)知,而在無(wú)意間侵犯了他人的合法權(quán)益。因此,要形成對(duì)音樂(lè)作品著作權(quán)人合法權(quán)益的有效保障,首先需要在立法上厘清機(jī)械表演權(quán)的規(guī)制范圍,其次需要明確司法裁判標(biāo)準(zhǔn),最后依次在收費(fèi)主體、運(yùn)行機(jī)制、利益分配等方面健全背景音樂(lè)收費(fèi)制度,進(jìn)而使得公眾對(duì)公共場(chǎng)所背景音樂(lè)中的著作權(quán)權(quán)益達(dá)到應(yīng)有的認(rèn)知高度。立法方面,我國(guó)《著作權(quán)法》中關(guān)于機(jī)械表演的表述為用"各種手段"公開(kāi)播送作品的表演。這樣的界定方法不僅過(guò)于概括,還可能會(huì)造成表演權(quán)與其他著作財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的重疊交叉。而無(wú)論是英美法系亦或是大陸法系的其他國(guó)家,對(duì)機(jī)械表演權(quán)的概述都更加明確具體。因而,我國(guó)需在立法中單列出機(jī)械表演權(quán),并對(duì)其進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述。司法方面,目前國(guó)內(nèi)的司法實(shí)務(wù)工作在公共場(chǎng)所背景音樂(lè)的著作權(quán)保護(hù)方面困難重重。技術(shù)層面存在著侵權(quán)證據(jù)難以采集、賠償數(shù)額難以確定等諸多難題。及時(shí)采集侵權(quán)證據(jù),確定一個(gè)合理得當(dāng)?shù)馁r償數(shù)額,有益于認(rèn)定被告使用被侵權(quán)作品的具體情況,促使被告積極履行判決,從而對(duì)被侵權(quán)者的合法權(quán)益形成有效的保護(hù)。因此,需要通過(guò)對(duì)典型案例的借鑒來(lái)改善實(shí)務(wù)工作的境況。收費(fèi)制度方面,國(guó)際上對(duì)背景音樂(lè)著作權(quán)的保護(hù)通常采取集體管理模式,我國(guó)的壟斷式管理同自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)模式相比,尚存在一些不足之處。本文通過(guò)借鑒香港、日本以及美國(guó)的較為成熟的收費(fèi)機(jī)制,探討我國(guó)收費(fèi)制度在會(huì)員制度、會(huì)費(fèi)的征收與管理以及組織監(jiān)督等方面可以完善之處,從而使背景音樂(lè)的著作權(quán)在實(shí)踐層面得到更成熟的保護(hù)。公眾意識(shí)方面,從零開(kāi)始是非常艱難的起步,對(duì)于公眾認(rèn)知習(xí)慣的培養(yǎng)則需要普法與訴訟的雙重作用。普法方面,可以邀請(qǐng)知名音樂(lè)人參與拍攝普法宣傳片或微電影,再利用微博、微信公眾號(hào)、朋友圈等新興媒體轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)來(lái)擴(kuò)大宣傳效果;執(zhí)法方面則注意"因材施教",輕則警告,重則訴訟維權(quán)。同時(shí),開(kāi)展日常檢查與突擊抽查相結(jié)合的方式來(lái)加強(qiáng)對(duì)侵權(quán)行為的監(jiān)管。
[Abstract]:As a typical mechanical performance, the copyright involved in the broadcast of recorded music works in public places is often ignored by people in daily life. The main reasons lie in the lack of legislation, the unclear standard of judicial decision and the imperfect charging system. People usually violate the legitimate rights and interests of others inadvertently because of the lack of basic cognition of abstract mechanical performance right. Therefore, in order to form an effective protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the copyright holders of music works, it is necessary to clarify the scope of regulation on the rights of mechanical performance in legislation, and then to clarify the standards of judicial adjudication, and finally, in turn, in the subject of charge and the operating mechanism. Interest distribution and other aspects of background music fee system, so that the public to the public background music copyright rights and interests to achieve the level of recognition. In terms of legislation, the expression of mechanical performance in copyright Law of our country is the public broadcasting of works by "various means". Such a definition is not only too general, but also may lead to the overlapping of performance rights and property rights of other works. Both Anglo-American law system and other countries in continental law system, the outline of mechanical performance rights are more specific. Therefore, our country needs in the legislation separately lists the mechanical performance right, and carries on the elaboration to it. In the aspect of judicature, there are many difficulties in protecting the copyright of background music in public places. At the technical level, there are many difficult problems, such as the difficulty of collecting the evidence of infringement and the difficulty of determining the amount of compensation. Collecting the tort evidence in time to determine a reasonable and appropriate amount of compensation is beneficial to determine the specific situation of the defendant using the infringing work, and to urge the defendant to fulfill the judgment actively, thus effectively protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the infringee. Therefore, we need to improve the situation of practical work through the reference of typical cases. In the aspect of charging system, the international protection of background music copyright usually adopts the collective management mode. Compared with the free competition mode, the monopoly management of our country still has some shortcomings. By using the mature charging mechanism of Hong Kong, Japan and the United States for reference, this paper discusses how the fee system in our country can be perfected in the aspects of membership system, collection and management of membership fees, and organization supervision, etc. So that the background music copyright in the practical level to get more mature protection. In terms of public awareness, starting from scratch is a very difficult start, and the cultivation of public cognitive habits requires the dual role of law popularization and litigation. In the field of law popularization, famous musicians can be invited to participate in the shooting of popular law propaganda films or microfilms, and then use Weibo, WeChat public number, friends circle and other emerging media to spread the publicity effect. In law enforcement, attention should be paid to "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude," and warning them lightly. Litigious rights are upheld. At the same time, the combination of routine inspection and spot check to strengthen the supervision of infringement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923.41

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