發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-16 19:02

【摘要】：建設(shè)施工行業(yè)的違法分包、轉(zhuǎn)包等現(xiàn)象日益突出,為間接保護(hù)農(nóng)民工的合法權(quán)益,根據(jù)《最高人民法院關(guān)于審理建設(shè)工程施工合同糾紛案件適用法律問題的解釋》(以下簡稱《解釋》)賦予了實(shí)際施工人多項(xiàng)權(quán)利,比如向發(fā)包人直接主張工程款的權(quán)利等。然而,在該《解釋》明文規(guī)定實(shí)際施工人權(quán)利時(shí),也引發(fā)了關(guān)于實(shí)際施工人的理論和實(shí)務(wù)問題。本文從反映實(shí)際施工人最突出的四個(gè)問題著手來寫,就如法官在審理一個(gè)真實(shí)案件一般:第一部分,首先判斷在建設(shè)施工合同糾紛中是否存在實(shí)際施工人。在理論和實(shí)務(wù)上對(duì)實(shí)際施工人的認(rèn)識(shí)存在不同的觀點(diǎn),比較不同觀點(diǎn)的長處和不足。本文沒有提出關(guān)于實(shí)際施工人含義界定的觀點(diǎn),而是創(chuàng)造性的提出了關(guān)于實(shí)際施工人類型的新觀點(diǎn),同時(shí),也從反面排除了不屬于實(shí)際施工人的情形。第二部分,確定建設(shè)施工合同中存在實(shí)際施工人之后,接著就要分析實(shí)際施工人在進(jìn)行施工建設(shè)過程中發(fā)生法律關(guān)系。在建設(shè)施工合同中,不僅僅會(huì)發(fā)生發(fā)包人與承包人之間的關(guān)系,還會(huì)發(fā)生實(shí)際施工人與發(fā)包人、承包人之間的關(guān)系,這一部分是分析實(shí)際施工人問題的前提和基礎(chǔ),同時(shí),對(duì)實(shí)際施工人問題的解決提出本文建議也是建立在此部分基礎(chǔ)之上的,這一部分的重要性不言而喻。第三部分,在了解法律關(guān)系之后,就應(yīng)明確在施工合同無效時(shí)實(shí)際施工人享有的權(quán)利和要承擔(dān)的義務(wù)。重點(diǎn)闡述與實(shí)際施工人有關(guān)的三個(gè)突出問題,即發(fā)包人向?qū)嶋H施工人主張權(quán)利的性質(zhì)、實(shí)際施工人的建設(shè)工程優(yōu)先受償權(quán)問題以及實(shí)務(wù)中對(duì)實(shí)際施工人繳納管理費(fèi)的不同處理。此部分羅列了針對(duì)每個(gè)問題不同的理論觀點(diǎn)或?qū)崉?wù)主張,也分析了不同觀點(diǎn)的優(yōu)劣,進(jìn)一步提出本文對(duì)處理這些問題的觀點(diǎn)。第四部分,提出對(duì)實(shí)際施工人有關(guān)問題解決的建議。從制度層面反思和分析實(shí)際施工人產(chǎn)生的原因,提出來現(xiàn)階段解決實(shí)際施工人問題的建議(即對(duì)《解釋》的補(bǔ)充和明確)和未來階段處理實(shí)際施工人問題的建議(即對(duì)制度性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)如何承擔(dān)的建議),特別是未來階段處理實(shí)際施工人問題的建議比較宏觀,目的在于從法理的角度,為解決實(shí)際施工人問題提供一個(gè)方向性建議,以供參考。
[Abstract]:Illegal subcontracting and subcontracting in the construction industry are becoming increasingly prominent, in order to indirectly protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers, According to the interpretation of the Supreme people's Court on the legal issues applicable to the trial of construction contract disputes (hereinafter referred to as "interpretation"), many rights have been granted to the actual constructors, such as the right to claim the project funds directly to the contractor, and so on. However, when the interpretation clearly stipulates the rights of the actual constructors, it also raises theoretical and practical problems about the actual constructors. This paper begins with four problems that reflect the actual constructor, just as the judge is trying a real case: the first part is to judge the existence of the actual constructor in the dispute over the construction contract. In theory and practice, there are different views on the cognition of practical constructors, and the advantages and disadvantages of different viewpoints are compared. This paper does not put forward the idea of defining the meaning of the actual constructor, but creatively puts forward a new viewpoint on the type of the actual constructor, and at the same time, excludes the situation that does not belong to the actual constructor from the opposite side. In the second part, after determining the existence of actual constructors in the construction contract, it is necessary to analyze the legal relationship between the actual constructors in the process of construction and construction. In the construction contract, not only will the relationship between the contractor and the contractor occur, but also the relationship between the actual constructor and the contractor. This part is the premise and basis of analyzing the actual constructor's problems, at the same time, The suggestion of solving the problem of actual constructor is also based on this part, and the importance of this part is self-evident. The third part, after understanding the legal relationship, we should make clear the rights and obligations of the actual constructors when the construction contract is invalid. Three outstanding problems related to the actual constructor, namely, the nature of the right claimed by the contractor to the actual constructor, the priority of the constructor's right to be reimbursed for the construction project, and the different treatment of the actual constructor's management fee in practice are expounded. This part lists different theoretical or practical viewpoints for each problem, analyzes the merits and demerits of different viewpoints, and further puts forward the views of this paper on how to deal with these problems. In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions to solve the problems of actual constructors. Reflecting on and analyzing the causes of the actual constructors from the system level, Proposals for solving the problem of actual constructors at this stage (i.e., supplementing and clarifying the interpretation) and for dealing with the problem of actual constructors in the future (i.e., recommendations on how to assume institutional risks), especially in the future The proposals for dealing with the problem of actual constructors at this stage are relatively macroscopic. The purpose of this paper is to provide a directional suggestion for solving the problem of practical constructors from the point of view of legal theory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅政法學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923.6

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