本文選題：遺失物 + 物上占有��； 參考：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,私有財(cái)產(chǎn)制度在我國(guó)逐漸完善,作為民法重要精神之一的意思自治原則,逐漸成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械闹匾瓌t,與之相伴而生的私有財(cái)產(chǎn)制度以及物權(quán)法規(guī)定不斷完善。遺失物作為曾經(jīng)“天下為公”的“交公”之物,隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和法律制度的完善,逐漸成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪谐Ｓ鲋?以前拾到東西一律上交的觀念已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)而替代的是主體合法私有權(quán)的保護(hù)以及公序良俗的構(gòu)建�！段餀�(quán)法》頒布以來(lái),打破了單純依靠道德自律維持的物權(quán)關(guān)系秩序,實(shí)現(xiàn)了所有權(quán)保護(hù)和合法占有人與拾得人之間的利益平衡和公平正義。另一方面,由于我國(guó)的物權(quán)法關(guān)于拾得遺失物制度的規(guī)定處于破冰的狀態(tài),仍然有改進(jìn)的空間和亟待完善的方面,筆者希望通過(guò)對(duì)遺失物概念的探討和拾得遺失物的法律效力研究,對(duì)我國(guó)相關(guān)法律的完善提出自己的獨(dú)立思考。論文共分四章。論文第一章對(duì)遺失物范疇的界定。首先從科學(xué)的角度對(duì)遺失物進(jìn)行定義和概念闡述,通過(guò)比較分析和綜合歸納的方法對(duì)學(xué)者關(guān)于拾得遺失物的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析,并結(jié)合國(guó)外立法和史料,得出遺失物是喪失物上占有的有主動(dòng)產(chǎn)這一結(jié)論,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,論述遺失物的形成條件和特征。論文第二章論述拾得遺失物的法律淵源。研究遺失物的歸屬、遺失人和拾得人的權(quán)利義務(wù)及拾得遺失物的物權(quán)變動(dòng)之法律根據(jù)和法理依據(jù),主要采用歷史分析和比較分析的方法。本章從拾得遺失物制度的歷史沿革入手,通過(guò)對(duì)我國(guó)古代關(guān)于拾得遺失物制度的研究和梳理,追根朔源,探討我國(guó)拾得遺失物制度“公權(quán)至上”的道德淵源,找尋我國(guó)拾得遺失物法律的精神來(lái)源和完善方向,接著比較分析國(guó)外的拾得遺失物制度和我國(guó)關(guān)于拾得遺失物的法律規(guī)定。我國(guó)民法的研究離不開(kāi)羅馬法和日耳曼法,而我國(guó)法制進(jìn)步也是在吸收和借鑒外國(guó)先進(jìn)立法的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展的,歷史告訴我們:知識(shí)和制度是可以遷移的。這一章比較外國(guó)和我國(guó)關(guān)于拾得遺失物的法律規(guī)定和價(jià)值取向,從法律解釋和法理上明確國(guó)外拾得遺失物制度的優(yōu)劣及對(duì)我國(guó)的影響和指導(dǎo)意義。第三章對(duì)我國(guó)立法關(guān)于拾得遺失物的法律效力進(jìn)行評(píng)析,本章是全文的主體部分,一方面,通過(guò)論述《物權(quán)法》和《民法通則》中關(guān)于拾得遺失物的法律規(guī)定,結(jié)合我國(guó)的法律體系和法律精神論述我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的拾得遺失物的立法現(xiàn)狀。另一方面,從自然法和法哲學(xué)原理分析我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的法律中權(quán)利人和拾得人的權(quán)利義務(wù),并明確權(quán)利和義務(wù)的法理來(lái)源對(duì)其進(jìn)行法理分析。第四章思考拾得遺失物法律效力之制度設(shè)計(jì)。法律總是滯后于社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和人民生活的發(fā)展,社會(huì)的發(fā)展又推動(dòng)的法律的變遷。本章從現(xiàn)行拾得遺失物所有權(quán)歸屬和報(bào)酬請(qǐng)求權(quán)的角度出發(fā),論述拾得遺失物的物權(quán)變動(dòng)、利益平衡以及道德引導(dǎo)方面存在的問(wèn)題,并提出拾得遺失物法律效力之制度設(shè)計(jì)意見(jiàn),力求構(gòu)建完善的拾得遺失物物權(quán)保護(hù)和拾得人保護(hù)體系。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the market economy in China, the system of private property is gradually perfected in our country. As one of the important spirit of civil law, the principle of autonomy has gradually become an important principle in people's daily life. The private property system and the provisions of property law have been perfected continuously. With the development of social economy and the perfection of the legal system, the thing of "Gong Gong" has gradually become a common thing in people's daily life. The idea that the law has been handed over is out of date, and the replacement is the protection of the legal private rights of the subject and the construction of public order and good customs. Since the enactment of the property law, it has broken the moral self-discipline dimension simply. The order of real right relationship has realized the balance of interests and fairness and justice between the protection of ownership and the legitimate possessor and the pickup. On the other hand, because the provisions of the property law of our country are in the state of ice breaking, there are still improvements in the space and the need to be finished. The author hopes to pass the concept of lost objects. Study and pick up the legal effect of lost objects, and put forward their own independent thinking on the perfection of relevant laws in China. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter of the thesis defines the category of lost objects. First, the definition and concept of lost objects are defined from the scientific point of view, and the scholars have been lost and lost through comparative analysis and comprehensive induction. The second chapter of the paper discusses the legal origin of the lost objects, the attribution of the lost objects, the rights and obligations of the lost and the pickup, and the collection of the rights and duties of the lost and pickup. This chapter, starting with the historical evolution of the system of lost objects, has studied and combed the system of lost objects in ancient China, and explores the morality of the system of "public power first" of the lost property system in our country. To find out the source and the perfect direction of the law of the lost objects in our country, and then to compare and analyze the foreign lost property system and the legal provisions on the lost objects in our country. The study of the civil law of our country can not be separated from the law of Rome and the Germanic law, but the progress of our legal system is also based on the absorption and reference of foreign advanced legislation. The history tells us that knowledge and system can be transferred. This chapter compares the legal provisions and value orientation of foreign and our country on picking up lost objects, and clearly defines the advantages and disadvantages of the system of lost objects and its guiding significance to our country from the legal interpretation and jurisprudence. The third chapter is about the law of our country on picking up the lost objects. This chapter is the main part of the full text. On the one hand, by discussing the legal provisions on the lost objects in the property law and the general rules of the civil law and combining the legal system and legal spirit of our country, the current legislative status of the existing lost objects in our country is discussed. The other side, from the natural law and the legal philosophy principle, analyzes the current state of our country. In the law, the rights and obligations of the owners and the pickers and the legal origin of the rights and obligations are clearly analyzed. The fourth chapter thinks about the system design of the legal effect of picking up the lost objects. The law is always lagging behind the development of the social economy and the people's life, the development of the society and the change of the law. From the angle of ownership of property ownership and the right of requesting reward, this paper discusses the problems of property change, balance of interests and moral guidance of the lost objects, and puts forward the system design opinions of picking up the legal effect of the lost objects, and strives to build a perfect system for the protection of the real right of lost objects and the protection of the picker.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923.2

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