本文選題：遺失物 + 物上占有　； 參考：《中國政法大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國市場經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展,私有財產(chǎn)制度在我國逐漸完善,作為民法重要精神之一的意思自治原則,逐漸成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械闹匾瓌t,與之相伴而生的私有財產(chǎn)制度以及物權法規(guī)定不斷完善。遺失物作為曾經(jīng)“天下為公”的“交公”之物,隨著社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和法律制度的完善,逐漸成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪谐Ｓ鲋?以前拾到東西一律上交的觀念已經(jīng)過時,轉而替代的是主體合法私有權的保護以及公序良俗的構建�！段餀喾ā奉C布以來,打破了單純依靠道德自律維持的物權關系秩序,實現(xiàn)了所有權保護和合法占有人與拾得人之間的利益平衡和公平正義。另一方面,由于我國的物權法關于拾得遺失物制度的規(guī)定處于破冰的狀態(tài),仍然有改進的空間和亟待完善的方面,筆者希望通過對遺失物概念的探討和拾得遺失物的法律效力研究,對我國相關法律的完善提出自己的獨立思考。論文共分四章。論文第一章對遺失物范疇的界定。首先從科學的角度對遺失物進行定義和概念闡述,通過比較分析和綜合歸納的方法對學者關于拾得遺失物的觀點進行分析,并結合國外立法和史料,得出遺失物是喪失物上占有的有主動產(chǎn)這一結論,并在此基礎上,論述遺失物的形成條件和特征。論文第二章論述拾得遺失物的法律淵源。研究遺失物的歸屬、遺失人和拾得人的權利義務及拾得遺失物的物權變動之法律根據(jù)和法理依據(jù),主要采用歷史分析和比較分析的方法。本章從拾得遺失物制度的歷史沿革入手,通過對我國古代關于拾得遺失物制度的研究和梳理,追根朔源,探討我國拾得遺失物制度“公權至上”的道德淵源,找尋我國拾得遺失物法律的精神來源和完善方向,接著比較分析國外的拾得遺失物制度和我國關于拾得遺失物的法律規(guī)定。我國民法的研究離不開羅馬法和日耳曼法,而我國法制進步也是在吸收和借鑒外國先進立法的基礎上發(fā)展的,歷史告訴我們:知識和制度是可以遷移的。這一章比較外國和我國關于拾得遺失物的法律規(guī)定和價值取向,從法律解釋和法理上明確國外拾得遺失物制度的優(yōu)劣及對我國的影響和指導意義。第三章對我國立法關于拾得遺失物的法律效力進行評析,本章是全文的主體部分,一方面,通過論述《物權法》和《民法通則》中關于拾得遺失物的法律規(guī)定,結合我國的法律體系和法律精神論述我國現(xiàn)行的拾得遺失物的立法現(xiàn)狀。另一方面,從自然法和法哲學原理分析我國現(xiàn)行的法律中權利人和拾得人的權利義務,并明確權利和義務的法理來源對其進行法理分析。第四章思考拾得遺失物法律效力之制度設計。法律總是滯后于社會經(jīng)濟和人民生活的發(fā)展,社會的發(fā)展又推動的法律的變遷。本章從現(xiàn)行拾得遺失物所有權歸屬和報酬請求權的角度出發(fā),論述拾得遺失物的物權變動、利益平衡以及道德引導方面存在的問題,并提出拾得遺失物法律效力之制度設計意見,力求構建完善的拾得遺失物物權保護和拾得人保護體系。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the market economy in China, the system of private property is gradually perfected in our country. As one of the important spirit of civil law, the principle of autonomy has gradually become an important principle in people's daily life. The private property system and the provisions of property law have been perfected continuously. With the development of social economy and the perfection of the legal system, the thing of "Gong Gong" has gradually become a common thing in people's daily life. The idea that the law has been handed over is out of date, and the replacement is the protection of the legal private rights of the subject and the construction of public order and good customs. Since the enactment of the property law, it has broken the moral self-discipline dimension simply. The order of real right relationship has realized the balance of interests and fairness and justice between the protection of ownership and the legitimate possessor and the pickup. On the other hand, because the provisions of the property law of our country are in the state of ice breaking, there are still improvements in the space and the need to be finished. The author hopes to pass the concept of lost objects. Study and pick up the legal effect of lost objects, and put forward their own independent thinking on the perfection of relevant laws in China. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter of the thesis defines the category of lost objects. First, the definition and concept of lost objects are defined from the scientific point of view, and the scholars have been lost and lost through comparative analysis and comprehensive induction. The second chapter of the paper discusses the legal origin of the lost objects, the attribution of the lost objects, the rights and obligations of the lost and the pickup, and the collection of the rights and duties of the lost and pickup. This chapter, starting with the historical evolution of the system of lost objects, has studied and combed the system of lost objects in ancient China, and explores the morality of the system of "public power first" of the lost property system in our country. To find out the source and the perfect direction of the law of the lost objects in our country, and then to compare and analyze the foreign lost property system and the legal provisions on the lost objects in our country. The study of the civil law of our country can not be separated from the law of Rome and the Germanic law, but the progress of our legal system is also based on the absorption and reference of foreign advanced legislation. The history tells us that knowledge and system can be transferred. This chapter compares the legal provisions and value orientation of foreign and our country on picking up lost objects, and clearly defines the advantages and disadvantages of the system of lost objects and its guiding significance to our country from the legal interpretation and jurisprudence. The third chapter is about the law of our country on picking up the lost objects. This chapter is the main part of the full text. On the one hand, by discussing the legal provisions on the lost objects in the property law and the general rules of the civil law and combining the legal system and legal spirit of our country, the current legislative status of the existing lost objects in our country is discussed. The other side, from the natural law and the legal philosophy principle, analyzes the current state of our country. In the law, the rights and obligations of the owners and the pickers and the legal origin of the rights and obligations are clearly analyzed. The fourth chapter thinks about the system design of the legal effect of picking up the lost objects. The law is always lagging behind the development of the social economy and the people's life, the development of the society and the change of the law. From the angle of ownership of property ownership and the right of requesting reward, this paper discusses the problems of property change, balance of interests and moral guidance of the lost objects, and puts forward the system design opinions of picking up the legal effect of the lost objects, and strives to build a perfect system for the protection of the real right of lost objects and the protection of the picker.
【學位授予單位】：中國政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.2

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