發(fā)布時間：2018-06-21 15:32

  本文選題：墓地 + 墓地使用權��； 參考：《吉林大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來，我國在關于墓地上的權益糾紛頻繁發(fā)生，并且有愈演愈烈的趨勢，而我國又是一個崇尚土葬的國家，死者去世后其后人或者近親屬為了能表達的自己的思念之情，都會選擇為故去的親人購置墓地，希望能為死者的靈魂提供一個安息的地方，也為自己提供一個能夠祭祀，寄托哀思之所�？梢哉f，墓地上權益的問題關乎社會大眾的每一個人。 我國的墓地大體上分為公益性墓地和經(jīng)營性墓地，公益性墓地大多是提供給在農(nóng)村生活的人，其所有權屬于集體組織，集體組織為本集體組織內(nèi)的成員無償提供墓穴。而經(jīng)營性墓地是為城鎮(zhèn)居民提供骨灰或遺體安葬實行有償服務的公共墓地。 由于我國土地所有權的只屬于國家和集體所有，基于這種特殊性，導致了墓地上的權益總是與建設用地使用權、土地承包經(jīng)營權以及其它不動產(chǎn)權益發(fā)生沖突，嚴重影響到了人們的日常生活。 究其原因，在于墓地的權利屬性不明確，當前我國的民事立法中關于墓地的民事權利的規(guī)定是缺失的，這就導致了對墓主以及墓地墓主近親屬利益的保護嚴重不足，，墓地首先不能作為人身權的客體，應該屬于一種“具有人格利益的財產(chǎn)”，因此應首先將其確立為是財產(chǎn)權的客體。 關于墓地使用權的問題，我國《物權法》尚未明確其具體屬性，而且學術界對于墓地使用權理論問題的研究也少之又少。本文即探討了債權性墓地使用權在對墓地所有權的限制、權利期限、征收補償、權利轉(zhuǎn)讓等等方面所存在的不足。得出債權性墓地使用權難以支撐起對墓地的有效保護以及確立物權性墓地使用權的必要和可能性。筆者依據(jù)民法解釋學原理將墓地使用權歸為特許用益物權，來彌補現(xiàn)有制度的不足，并提出了墓地使用權的相關規(guī)則，希望未來《民法典》在編纂過程中能夠考慮墓地使用權的重要性，并將制定相應的法律規(guī)則，以更好的保護墓地使用權相關人的利益。
[Abstract]:In recent years, disputes over the rights and interests of the graveyard in our country have occurred frequently, and there has been a growing trend, and our country is also a country worshipping burial. After the death of the deceased, their descendants or close relatives expressed their feelings of missing in order to be able to express their own thoughts. The city will choose to buy graves for dead relatives, hoping to provide a resting place for the souls of the dead, and also a place to offer sacrifices and mourning for themselves. It can be said that the question of the rights and interests of the graveyard concerns everyone in the community. The cemeteries in China are generally divided into public welfare cemeteries and commercial cemeteries. The public cemeteries are mostly provided to the people living in the countryside whose ownership belongs to the collective organizations which provide the graves for the members of the collective organizations free of charge. Operating cemeteries are public cemeteries that provide for the burial of ashes or remains of urban residents. Because the ownership of land in our country is only owned by the state and collectives, because of this particularity, the rights and interests in the graveyard are always in conflict with the right to use the construction land, the right to contract management of the land and other real estate rights. It has seriously affected people's daily life. The reason is that the property of the right of the cemetery is not clear, and the provisions on the civil rights of the cemetery are missing in the current civil legislation of our country, which leads to a serious lack of protection of the interests of the tomb owners and their close relatives. The graveyard should not be regarded as the object of personal right, but should belong to a kind of "property with personal interests", so it should be established as the object of property right first. Concerning the question of the right to use the graveyard, the property Law of our country has not yet made clear its specific attribute, and the academic circles have done little research on the theory of the right to use the cemetery. This paper discusses the limitation of the right to use the graveyard, the time limit of the right, the compensation of the expropriation, the transfer of the right and so on. It can not support the effective protection of the graveyard and the necessity and possibility of establishing the right to use the real cemetery. According to the principle of civil law hermeneutics, the author classifies the right to use the cemetery as the usufruct right of concession, to make up for the deficiency of the existing system, and puts forward the relevant rules of the right to use the cemetery. It is hoped that in the process of compiling the Civil Code in the future, the importance of the right to use cemeteries will be considered, and corresponding legal rules will be formulated to better protect the interests of the persons concerned with the right to use the cemetery.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.2

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前6條

1 臧博;何永新;;物權法視角下的殯葬用地問題探析[J];大連海事大學學報(社會科學版);2011年02期

2 肖澤晟;;墳主后代對祖墳的權益[J];法學;2009年07期

3 肖澤晟;;墓地上的憲法權利[J];法學;2011年07期

4 宋剛;;我國墓地不動產(chǎn)權利的確立[J];法學;2013年11期

5 段厚省;;論身份權請求權[J];法學研究;2006年05期

6 張莎;;墓地管理:英國經(jīng)驗及對中國的啟示[J];金融博覽(財富);2011年05期

本文編號：2049266