發(fā)布時間：2018-05-30 23:42

  本文選題：個人信息 + 立法現(xiàn)狀　； 參考：《海南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：對于“個人信息”的定義,世界各國和各地區(qū),并沒有一個統(tǒng)一的說法,除了“個人信息”之外,“個人數(shù)據(jù)”以及“個人隱私”也常用來表示個人信息。我國學(xué)者齊愛民認(rèn)為：個人信息指的是所有能夠識別自然個體的信息的總和。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中的個人信息則還包含了民事個體在網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動中的各項信息資料。個人信息主要有三個特點：人格性與財產(chǎn)性的雙重屬性、可識別性以及易采集性。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中侵害個人信息的表現(xiàn)形式多種多樣,其中最主要的是網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶對個人信息的侵害,這些侵權(quán)行為使個人信息所有者的人身安全遭受損害,垃圾短信也擾亂了人們的生活,甚至一些侵權(quán)者利用個人信息進(jìn)行犯罪。個人信息不僅僅涉及公民的基本權(quán)利,也關(guān)乎社會穩(wěn)定和諧,與此同時,社會經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展也要求對個人信息進(jìn)行保護(hù),因此,對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中個人信息進(jìn)行保護(hù)是相當(dāng)必要的。 我國個人信息民法保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀不容樂觀。較之歐美國家,我國對這方面的立法程序啟動較晚,加之立法水平有限,社會關(guān)注不夠等。不難發(fā)現(xiàn),我國對于個人信息保護(hù)方面的規(guī)定,散見于《民法通則》、《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》等法律法規(guī)中,缺乏體系化的保護(hù),從而導(dǎo)致對個人信息保護(hù)范圍模糊、保護(hù)力度弱等問題。但從目前的立法發(fā)展趨勢來看,該方面的立法已經(jīng)有了飛躍性地發(fā)展。從2012年起,全國人大常委會、工信部等部委接連公布旨在強(qiáng)化個人信息保護(hù)的法律法規(guī),可以說政府已經(jīng)逐漸重視對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中個人信息保護(hù)的問題。 域外許多國家和地區(qū)均制定了符合其實際情況的關(guān)于個人信息保護(hù)的法律法規(guī),典型的有歐洲的德國、英國,美洲的美國,以及亞洲的日本、中國香港地區(qū)和中國臺灣地區(qū)。通過對其他國家（地區(qū)）法律制度的研究比較,去粗取精,吸取經(jīng)驗,從而引導(dǎo)我國制定符合我國國情的《個人信息保護(hù)法》和《網(wǎng)絡(luò)個人信息保護(hù)法》。 我國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中個人信息民法保護(hù)制度所存在的問題主要有以下幾點：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中個人信息的定義及范圍模糊、侵權(quán)責(zé)任主體不易認(rèn)定、侵權(quán)責(zé)任歸責(zé)原則不清、侵權(quán)責(zé)任承擔(dān)方式未確定以及相關(guān)法律法規(guī)實施的監(jiān)督力度弱等。就上述存在的問題,應(yīng)有針對性的予以一一解決：合理界定互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中個人信息的范圍以及內(nèi)容、明確侵權(quán)責(zé)任主體、完善侵權(quán)責(zé)任歸責(zé)原則、確定侵權(quán)責(zé)任的承擔(dān)方式、設(shè)立獨立的第三方監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu),從而順應(yīng)時代潮流,不斷完善我國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中個人信息民法保護(hù)制度,切實保護(hù)公民的個人信息安全。
[Abstract]:There is no uniform definition of "personal information" in all countries and regions of the world. In addition to "personal information", "personal data" and "personal privacy" are also often used to denote personal information. Qi Aimin, a Chinese scholar, believes that personal information refers to the sum of all information that can identify natural individuals. The personal information in the Internet also contains all kinds of information materials of the civil individuals in the network activities. Personal information has three main characteristics: dual attributes of personality and property, identifiability and easy collection. There are many forms of infringing personal information in the Internet, the most important of which is the infringement of personal information by network service providers and network users, which makes the personal safety of the owner of personal information suffer harm. Spam messages also disrupt people's lives, and even some infringers use personal information to commit crimes. Personal information is not only related to the basic rights of citizens, but also to social stability and harmony. At the same time, the healthy development of social economy also requires the protection of personal information. Therefore, it is necessary to protect personal information in the Internet. Our country personal information civil law protection present situation is not optimistic. Compared with the European and American countries, our country started the legislative process late, coupled with the limited level of legislation, social concern and so on. It is not difficult to find that the regulations on the protection of personal information in our country are scattered in the laws and regulations such as the General principles of Civil Law and the Tort liability Law, and lack of systematic protection, which leads to the ambiguity of the scope of personal information protection and the weak degree of protection. But from the current legislative development trend, the legislation in this area has developed by leaps and bounds. Since 2012, the standing Committee of the National people's Congress, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other ministries and commissions have promulgated laws and regulations aimed at strengthening the protection of personal information. It can be said that the government has gradually attached importance to the protection of personal information on the Internet. Many overseas countries and regions have formulated laws and regulations on personal information protection in accordance with their actual situation, typical of which are Germany, Britain, the United States of America, Japan in Asia, Hong Kong in China and Taiwan in China. Through the study and comparison of the legal systems of other countries (regions), we can learn from the rough and learn from the experience, and guide our country to formulate the personal Information Protection Law and the Network personal Information Protection Law, which are in line with the national conditions of our country. The problems existing in the civil law protection system of personal information in China's Internet are as follows: the definition and scope of personal information in the Internet are vague, the subject of tort liability is not easy to identify, and the principle of liability for tort liability is unclear. Tort liability is not determined and the enforcement of relevant laws and regulations is weak. The above problems should be solved one by one: define the scope and content of personal information in the Internet rationally, clarify the subject of tort liability, perfect the principle of liability for tort liability, and determine the way to assume tort liability. The establishment of independent third party supervision organization, so as to conform to the trend of the times, constantly improve the civil law protection system of personal information in China's Internet, and effectively protect the personal information security of citizens.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923

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