本文選題：人事保證 + 損害擔保契約��； 參考：《西南政法大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：人事保證制度在我國古代商品經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中已有體現(xiàn),在國外立法和實踐中也得到了妥善的運用。但是,我國現(xiàn)行法律未明確規(guī)定人事保證制度,使其在理論研究和司法實踐中都存在很大的爭議。本文回顧了人事保證制度的發(fā)展進程,運用比較法考察的方式分析中外人事保證立法的相關(guān)規(guī)定,并結(jié)合司法案例對人事保證制度在我國的構(gòu)建提出設(shè)想。全文共分為五個部分:第一部分:人事保證之基本內(nèi)容及定性。文章開篇介紹人事保證的概念、特征及主要類型。本文討論的人事保證限于狹義的人事保證,它作為保證的一種特殊形式,不僅適用對象具有特殊性,還兼具專屬性和從屬性,具有情誼性、無償性、繼續(xù)性、不可預(yù)見性、不可撤回性。為了進一步研究后文提及的人事保證的相關(guān)問題,就必須明確人事保證的定性,該部分圍繞學理上關(guān)于人事保證性質(zhì)的三種說法(普通保證說、損害擔保契約說及特殊保證說)展開討論,得出人事保證屬于特殊保證說的結(jié)論。第二部分:我國人事保證制度的發(fā)展歷程及現(xiàn)狀。該部分介紹我國人事保證制度發(fā)展的歷史,梳理人事保證制度在封建社會、民國期間、建國初期、改革開放四個階段社會生活中的適用情況,歸納人事保證制度的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,指出我國社會生活中存在人事保證適用的社會基礎(chǔ)。第三部分:人事保證之比較法考察。該部分主要介紹了諸多國家及我國臺灣地區(qū)人事保證的立法、判例,通過介紹人事保證的類型、保證期間、權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系及效力來了解人事保證制度,以期為后文構(gòu)建我國人事保證制度提供啟發(fā)。第四部分:人事保證制度在我國司法審判中的爭議。這部分主要是闡述人事保證合同在我國法院審判中的適用。首先介紹最高法院關(guān)于人事保證合同的兩個復(fù)函和最高法院于2001年發(fā)布的第五期公報案例,對最高法院的態(tài)度形成認識;其次通過對比地方法院關(guān)于人事保證合同的判決,將地方法院司法實踐中處理人事保證合同糾紛的爭議凸顯出來;最后,整理出影響人事保證合同效力判定需要考量的因素,以期為此類案件的審判提供參考。第五部分:我國人事保證制度的構(gòu)建。該部分核心思想是倡導(dǎo)在我國建立人事保證制度,將人事保證納入立法保護的范疇,也可以借助“忠誠保證保險”彌補我國立法的不足。首先,本章闡述了學理上針對人事保證持有的肯定觀、否定觀,從保護勞動者的利益角度出發(fā)得出支持人事保證入法的結(jié)論,并進一步提出構(gòu)建人事保證制度的必要性,探討人事保證的適用范圍。其次,提出構(gòu)建人事保證制度的立法構(gòu)想,分析人事保證制度的立法模式選擇,倡導(dǎo)學習我國臺灣地區(qū)的立法模式,主張將人事保證合同納入民法典,將人事保證置于《擔保法》保證制度中單列一節(jié)予以調(diào)整。最后,建議限定保證期間及保證金額、賦予保證人先訴抗辯權(quán)和減免賠償權(quán)、苛責雇用人審慎選任、通知、監(jiān)管義務(wù)來合理分配分險,另指出引進英美法系的“忠誠保證保險”也不失為解決人事保證糾紛的良策。
[Abstract]:The system of personnel guarantee has been embodied in the development of China's ancient commodity economy and has been properly used in foreign legislation and practice. However, the current law in our country does not specify the system of personnel guarantee, so that there are great disputes in both theoretical research and judicial practice. This article reviews the development process of the personnel guarantee system and carries out the development of the system. The article analyzes the relevant provisions of the Chinese and foreign personnel guarantee legislation with the comparative method, and combines the judicial cases to put forward the idea of the construction of the personnel guarantee system in our country. The full text is divided into five parts: the first part: the basic content and the qualitative of the personnel guarantee. The article introduces the concept, characteristics and main types of the personnel guarantee. This article discusses this article. The personnel guarantee is limited to the narrow sense of personnel guarantee. As a special form of guarantee, it not only applies the particularity of the object, but also has the specificity and the attribute, the friendship, the gratuitous nature, the continuity, the unforeseeable, and the irrevocability. In order to further study the related problems of the personnel guarantee mentioned in the post, we must make clear the personnel The quality of the guarantee is discussed around three kinds of theories about the nature of the personnel guarantee (common guarantee, damage guarantee contract and special guarantee), and the conclusion is drawn that the personnel guarantee belongs to the special guarantee. The second part: the development course and present situation of the personnel guarantee system in China. This part introduces the personnel guarantee system of our country. The history of development, combing the application of the personnel guarantee system in the four stages of the social life in the feudal society, the Republic of China, the Republic of China, the reform and opening up and the opening up, summarized the development status of the personnel guarantee system, and pointed out the social foundation of the application of the personnel guarantee in our social life. The third part: the comparison of the personnel guarantee. This paper mainly introduces the legislation and jurisprudence of personnel guarantee in many countries and Taiwan areas in China. By introducing the types of personnel guarantee, the relationship of rights and obligations and effectiveness to understand the personnel guarantee system, it is expected to provide inspiration for the establishment of the personnel guarantee system in our country. The fourth part: the contention of the personnel guarantee system in the judicial trial of our country. This part mainly expounds the application of the personnel guarantee contract in the court trial of our country. First, it introduces the two letters of the Supreme Court on the personnel guarantee contract and the fifth issue of the communique issued by the Supreme Court in 2001, and makes a understanding of the attitude of the Supreme Court; secondly, the judgment on the personnel guarantee contract is compared with the local court. In the fifth part, the fifth part: the construction of the personnel guarantee system in our country. The core idea of this part is to promote the establishment of personnel in our country. In order to guarantee the system, the personnel guarantee is included in the scope of legislative protection, and the "loyalty guarantee insurance" can be used to make up for the shortage of legislation in China. First, this chapter expounds the conclusion of the affirmative view, negative view and the conclusion of supporting the personnel guarantee from the angle of protecting the interests of the workers, and further puts forward the conclusion. The necessity of constructing the personnel guarantee system and the scope of the application of the personnel guarantee are discussed. Secondly, the legislative conception of the establishment of the personnel guarantee system is proposed, the selection of the legislative mode of the personnel guarantee system is analyzed, the legislative mode of the Taiwan area in our country is advocated, and the personnel guarantee contract is included in the civil code, and the personnel guarantee is placed under the guarantee law. In the system, one section of the system is adjusted. Finally, it is suggested that the guarantee period and the amount of guarantee should be limited, and the guarantor is given the right of pleading and the right of remission and remission.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923

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