本文選題：商業(yè)銀行 + 安全保障責(zé)任��； 參考：《云南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,人們的經(jīng)濟(jì)生活也已步入一個(gè)相當(dāng)成熟的階段,商業(yè)銀行①在現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)中也越來(lái)越重要。我國(guó)金融業(yè)的起步、發(fā)展不及西方國(guó)家,但是現(xiàn)如今銀行業(yè)在中國(guó)的發(fā)展也如火如荼的進(jìn)行著。銀行作為公共場(chǎng)所,根據(jù)《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》的相關(guān)規(guī)定,具有安全保障的責(zé)任,即銀行負(fù)有保障任何到銀行辦理或咨詢業(yè)務(wù)的顧客的人身和財(cái)產(chǎn)不受侵害的法定義務(wù),如果客戶的損害是由于銀行的不作為,即沒有遵守該法定義務(wù)而導(dǎo)致的,銀行此時(shí)負(fù)有賠償?shù)呢?zé)任。盡管有關(guān)銀行的安保義務(wù)可以從現(xiàn)有的法律等規(guī)定中找到部分相對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容,但客戶到銀行辦理業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)的人身和財(cái)產(chǎn)遭受損害的現(xiàn)象卻時(shí)有發(fā)生。由于法律法規(guī)的滯后性,對(duì)于銀行安保責(zé)任的法律規(guī)定也相對(duì)僵硬、過(guò)于原則,在糾紛的解決和案件的審判中缺乏實(shí)際的可操作性,很難靈活運(yùn)用,從而給審判工作帶來(lái)困難。目前,我國(guó)關(guān)于銀行安全保障責(zé)任的法律規(guī)定,只能從《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》和《解釋》③等一些極少數(shù)的法律和法規(guī)中找到零星的條款,一些具體規(guī)定,如責(zé)任的具體范圍、責(zé)任免責(zé)事由、安全保障責(zé)任的抗辯事由、糾紛的解決方式等規(guī)定不完整、不明確具體,此其一。當(dāng)前學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)于安全保障責(zé)任的定義存在不同理解,如王利民教授,楊立新教授等專家學(xué)者的理論觀點(diǎn),相關(guān)法律法規(guī)也對(duì)安全保障責(zé)任的承擔(dān)有規(guī)定,完善這些理論知識(shí),對(duì)實(shí)際中解決銀行客戶人身和財(cái)產(chǎn)損害的糾紛有重要的指導(dǎo)作用,從而有效減少因?yàn)榉梢?guī)定的缺失和空白而存在的很多依經(jīng)驗(yàn)知識(shí)、價(jià)值觀判案的情形,提高審判效率,更有效的發(fā)揮法律高效公正的作用,此其二。本文針對(duì)以上兩個(gè)問題作出全面的剖析,最后就如何解決由于法律法規(guī)的滯后性帶來(lái)的司法實(shí)踐中的問題提出自己的一些看法。 本文主要由四個(gè)部分構(gòu)成；第一部分,基礎(chǔ)理論概述；主要介紹理論知識(shí),針對(duì)銀行安保義務(wù)的定義、特點(diǎn)和法律淵源,以及銀行由于違反該義務(wù)引發(fā)的相關(guān)民事責(zé)任應(yīng)該如何承擔(dān)等相關(guān)基本知識(shí)作介紹。第二部分,銀行安保責(zé)任制度介紹；該部分主要論述銀行違反安保義務(wù)時(shí)責(zé)任分配的原則,即歸責(zé)原則、責(zé)任的構(gòu)成要件、銀行安保責(zé)任的抗辯事由、以及責(zé)任的承擔(dān)方式。第三部分,存在的漏洞和問題；主要從制度的條款規(guī)定和條款在案件審判中的運(yùn)用兩個(gè)方面來(lái)論述。第四部分,制度的完善；這部分主要就如何解決文章前半段發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題提出自己的看法和意見。主要包括：安全保障責(zé)任內(nèi)容和范圍的明確規(guī)定、歸責(zé)原則的確定、安全保障責(zé)任的抗辯事由、以及如何在案件審判中更合理、有效的運(yùn)用有關(guān)的法律條款,在侵權(quán)和矛盾的解決中做到最大限度的公平公正,發(fā)揮法律“保障人權(quán)”的基本作用。整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)按照“陳述一提問一解決”的邏輯順序組織,結(jié)語(yǔ)部分對(duì)文章進(jìn)行一個(gè)全面簡(jiǎn)短的概括。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, people's economic life has entered a quite mature stage, and commercial banks have become more and more important in modern economy. The development of China's financial industry is not as good as that of western countries, but the development of banking industry in China is in full swing. As a public place, according to the relevant provisions of the Tort liability Law, the bank has the duty of safety and security, that is, the bank has the legal obligation to protect the person and property of any customer who deals with or consults with the bank from being infringed upon. If the customer's damage is caused by the failure of the bank to comply with the statutory obligation, the bank is liable for compensation at this time. Although the security obligations of banks can be found in the existing laws and other provisions, but the customer to do business with the bank when the personal and property damage occurs from time to time. Due to the lag of laws and regulations, the legal provisions of bank security responsibility are also relatively rigid, too principled, lack of practical maneuverability in dispute resolution and trial, it is difficult to apply flexibly, thus bringing difficulties to the trial work. At present, the legal provisions on bank safety and security liability in China can only be found from a very small number of laws and regulations, such as the Tort liability Law and interpretation 3, and some specific provisions, such as the specific scope of liability, can be found. The responsibility exemption, the defense of the security responsibility, the dispute settlement and so on are not complete and specific, this is one of them. There are different understandings on the definition of safety and security responsibility in current academic circles, such as the theoretical views of Professor Wang Limin, Professor Yang Lixin and other experts and scholars, and the relevant laws and regulations also provide for the assumption of the responsibility of safety and security, so as to perfect these theoretical knowledge. It plays an important role in guiding the settlement of disputes concerning personal and property damage to bank customers in practice, thus effectively reducing many cases based on experience, knowledge and values, and improving the efficiency of trials, which are caused by the lack and blank of laws and regulations. More effective play to the role of law efficient and fair, this second. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the above two problems, and finally puts forward some views on how to solve the problems in judicial practice caused by the lag of laws and regulations. This paper is mainly composed of four parts: the first part, the overview of basic theory, mainly introduces the theoretical knowledge, the definition, characteristics and legal sources of bank security obligations. The basic knowledge of how the bank should bear the civil liability caused by the breach of this obligation is introduced. The second part is the introduction of bank security responsibility system, which mainly discusses the principles of responsibility distribution when banks violate their security obligations, that is, the principle of imputation, the constitutive elements of responsibility, the defense of bank security responsibility, and the way to assume responsibility. The third part, the existing loopholes and problems, mainly from the provisions of the system and the application of terms in the trial of two aspects. The fourth part, the perfection of the system, puts forward its own views and opinions on how to solve the problems found in the first half of the article. It mainly includes: the clear provisions of the content and scope of the security responsibility, the determination of the principle of imputation, the defense of the security responsibility, and how to make more reasonable and effective use of the relevant legal provisions in the trial of the case. In the solution of infringement and contradiction, we should maximize fairness and justice, and give play to the basic role of law "protecting human rights". The whole structure is organized in the logical order of "statement-question-solution", and the conclusion part gives a comprehensive and brief summary of the article.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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