本文選題：代孕 + 代孕主體資格�。� 參考：《甘肅政法學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著世界各國科技水平之不斷提高,醫(yī)療水平也相應(yīng)有所進(jìn)步和改善。但是,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)在穩(wěn)步發(fā)展和前進(jìn)的同時(shí),也必然伴隨著環(huán)境的破壞以及疾病的滋生。因而,醫(yī)療水平雖然相比之前先進(jìn)了許多,卻仍然存在著一系列疑難雜癥難以完全治愈甚至有效控制,不孕不育癥就是其一。然而,也正是由于不孕不育癥之存在才促進(jìn)了人類輔助生殖技術(shù)水平之提高,導(dǎo)致備受法律質(zhì)疑和倫理爭(zhēng)議之代孕行為的發(fā)生。因而,代孕生育技術(shù)作為醫(yī)療生殖技術(shù)之一,便日益引起廣大不孕不育患者的密切關(guān)注。由于代孕生育涉及傳統(tǒng)倫理道德、家庭親子關(guān)系等復(fù)雜社會(huì)問題和法律難題,各國對(duì)其都持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度,國外對(duì)代孕采取的立法態(tài)度主要有完全禁止、完全開放及有限開放三種。我國雖對(duì)代孕采取全盤禁止之態(tài)度,但其行為并未因此而銷聲匿跡,反而轉(zhuǎn)為地下經(jīng)營,引發(fā)一系列倫理道德難題。由此可見,代孕技術(shù)作為實(shí)現(xiàn)不孕不育患者生育權(quán)之最后救濟(jì)手段,其存在具備一定的正當(dāng)性基礎(chǔ)。然而,代孕技術(shù)之實(shí)施雖能幫助許多不孕患者實(shí)現(xiàn)其生育愿望,卻在倫理道德、社會(huì)秩序等方面給其他普通社會(huì)公眾造成巨大傷害。因而,為防止他人非法濫用代孕生育技術(shù),保障不孕不育患者之合法生育權(quán),我們必須吸收借鑒域外代孕之有益立法經(jīng)驗(yàn),結(jié)合我國實(shí)際情況,明確我國代孕行為之法律定位,有限開放部分代孕,并對(duì)其主體資格及親子認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一規(guī)范。同時(shí),采取國家公權(quán)力介入的行政監(jiān)管模式,設(shè)立專門的代孕監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu),將代孕納入法律規(guī)制的軌道,并積極采取行之有效的法律對(duì)策來合理規(guī)范代孕現(xiàn)象。鑒于此,本文主要通過比較分析法和文獻(xiàn)研究法對(duì)域外代孕立法和相關(guān)理論學(xué)說進(jìn)行研究借鑒,并分三章展開論述。第一章,筆者主要從代孕雙方主體資格、代孕親子關(guān)系認(rèn)定及代孕行為的監(jiān)管三方面對(duì)我國代孕的法律規(guī)制現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行梳理,以揭示我國全面禁止任何代孕的立法缺陷。第二章,筆者通過對(duì)域外代孕行為之立法現(xiàn)狀的梳理探討,總結(jié)域外之有益立法經(jīng)驗(yàn),并結(jié)合我國國情將其吸納到我國代孕立法當(dāng)中。第三章,筆者將針對(duì)上述梳理的我國代孕之現(xiàn)狀問題,從我國代孕的有限合法化、代孕主體資格限定、代孕親子認(rèn)定、監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置等方面提出一些個(gè)人建議,并希望能夠探索出有效正當(dāng)?shù)亟鉀Q其引發(fā)各種社會(huì)問題的法律途徑。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology all over the world, the medical level has been improved. However, with the steady development and progress of social economy, it must be accompanied by the destruction of environment and the breeding of diseases. Therefore, although the medical level has advanced a lot, there are still a series of complicated diseases that are difficult to cure or even effectively controlled. Infertility is one of them. However, it is the existence of infertility that promotes the improvement of human assisted reproductive technology, which leads to the occurrence of surrogacy, which is subject to legal and ethical controversy. Therefore, surrogate reproductive technology as one of the medical reproductive technology, has increasingly attracted the close attention of the majority of infertile patients. Because surrogacy involves traditional ethics, family parent-child relationship and other complicated social problems and legal problems, countries are cautious towards it. The foreign legislative attitude to surrogacy mainly includes complete prohibition, complete openness and limited openness. Although our country adopts the completely forbidden attitude to surrogacy, its behavior does not disappear because of this, on the contrary, it turns into underground management, which leads to a series of ethical and moral problems. It can be seen that surrogate technology is the last remedy to realize the reproductive right of infertile patients, and its existence has some legitimate foundation. However, the implementation of surrogacy technology can help many infertile patients to realize their desire to have children, but it does great harm to other ordinary public in ethics, social order and so on. Therefore, in order to prevent other people from illegally abusing surrogate reproductive technology and to protect the legal reproductive rights of infertile patients, we must absorb and learn from the beneficial legislative experience of foreign surrogacy, combine the actual situation of our country, and clarify the legal position of surrogacy in our country. Limited open part of surrogate, and its subject qualification and paternity standards are standardized. At the same time, we should adopt the administrative supervision mode of public power intervention, set up special surrogate supervision agencies, bring surrogacy into the track of legal regulation, and take effective legal countermeasures to regulate surrogacy reasonably. In view of this, this paper mainly through comparative analysis and literature research on the foreign surrogacy legislation and related theories for reference, and divided into three chapters to discuss. In the first chapter, the author combs the present situation of the legal regulation of surrogacy from three aspects: the qualification of surrogacy parties, the relationship between surrogate parents and children and the supervision of surrogate behavior, in order to reveal the legislative defects of the prohibition of surrogacy in our country. In the second chapter, the author summarizes the beneficial legislative experience of overseas surrogacy by combing the status quo of the legislation of the extraterritorial surrogacy, and induces it into the legislation of surrogacy in our country combined with the national conditions of our country. In the third chapter, the author will put forward some personal suggestions from the following aspects: limited legalization of surrogacy, qualification of surrogate subject, paternity determination of surrogate pregnancy, establishment of regulatory agencies, etc. And hope to explore the effective and legitimate solution to all kinds of social problems caused by the legal channels.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅政法學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923;D922.16

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