本文選題：特殊體質(zhì) + 損害賠償��； 參考：《中國政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：特殊體質(zhì)之人因為身體較正常人更脆弱,抵御風(fēng)險能力有限,更易遭受他人侵害,需要法律的特別保護和救濟。我國的法律并未對特殊體質(zhì)受害人人身損害賠償之標準進行明確的規(guī)定。由此導(dǎo)致在我國的司法實踐中,法院對于特殊體質(zhì)受害人人身損害賠償之裁判標準不盡相同。法院大致存在兩種裁判思路:第一種就是法律解釋論的裁判思路。我國相關(guān)法律法規(guī)、司法解釋等規(guī)范性文件并未明確特殊體質(zhì)構(gòu)成減輕侵權(quán)人責任之法定抗辯事由,因此侵權(quán)人應(yīng)該賠償特殊體質(zhì)受害人的全部合理損失;第二種裁判思路就是原因力理論的適用。加害行為與特殊體質(zhì)共同導(dǎo)致?lián)p害后果的發(fā)生,二者都是損害發(fā)生之原因,應(yīng)該根據(jù)各自的原因力大小在侵權(quán)人和受害人之間分擔損失。無論是從法律解釋論的視角,又或是根據(jù)原因力理論去確定侵權(quán)人損害賠償之標準未免太過僵硬。一方面,一律從法律解釋出發(fā)要求侵權(quán)人承擔完全賠償責任可能對侵權(quán)人過分苛責;另一方面,受害人的特殊體質(zhì)是否能被視為是損害之部分原因受制于法官的政策考量。機械地根據(jù)原因力理論減輕侵權(quán)人的責任則對受害人非常不公。是故,我認為應(yīng)該立足于損害的公平分擔與保障行為自由的原則,綜合考慮侵權(quán)人的主觀過錯形態(tài)、損害預(yù)防的效率以及損害的可預(yù)見性等因素進行價值分析和判斷。最后在價值判斷的基礎(chǔ)上建構(gòu)特殊體質(zhì)受害人人身損害賠償之標準。侵權(quán)人造成特殊體質(zhì)受害人人身損害后果的,原則上應(yīng)該對受害人的全部損失予以賠償。完全賠償原則具有比較法上的法律實踐基礎(chǔ)以及法理上的正當性。英國、美國、德國、瑞士、比利時等國家的法律實踐充分體現(xiàn)完全賠償原則;而損害填補、損害預(yù)防也要求侵權(quán)人承擔完全賠償責任。完全賠償原則彰顯了法律保障身體殘障者平等參與社會之權(quán)利。同時,完全賠償原則在適用也存在一定的限制。應(yīng)該充分考慮受害人的過錯、受害人的特殊體質(zhì)狀況以及醫(yī)療侵權(quán)的特殊性,相應(yīng)減輕侵權(quán)人的賠償責任。
[Abstract]:Because people with special constitution are more vulnerable than normal people, they have limited ability to resist risks and are more vulnerable to abuse by others, so they need special protection and relief from the law. The law of our country does not make clear the standard of compensation for personal injury of the victim of special constitution. As a result, in the judicial practice of our country, the judgment standard of the compensation for personal injury of the special physique victim is different. There are two kinds of judicial thinking in the court: the first is the judgment thought of the theory of legal interpretation. China's relevant laws and regulations, judicial interpretation and other normative documents did not specify that the special constitution constitutes a legal defense to reduce the liability of the infringer, so the infringer should compensate all the reasonable losses of the victims of the special constitution. The second way of thinking is the application of the theory of force of reason. Harm behavior and special constitution together lead to the occurrence of damage consequences, both are the cause of damage, should be based on the strength of the respective causes between the tortfeasor and the victim to share the loss. Whether it is from the angle of legal interpretation, or according to the theory of force of reason to determine the standard of damages of infringers is too rigid. On the one hand, it is possible for the infringer to bear full liability for compensation from the legal interpretation; on the other hand, whether the special constitution of the victim can be regarded as part of the damage is subject to the policy consideration of the judge. It is unfair to the victim to reduce the responsibility of the infringer mechanically according to the theory of causative force. Therefore, I think we should base on the principle of fair share of damage and guarantee freedom of behavior, synthetically consider the subjective fault form of infringer, the efficiency of damage prevention and the predictability of damage, and make value analysis and judgment. Finally, on the basis of value judgment, the standard of compensation for personal injury of special physique victim is constructed. If the infringer causes the personal injury to the victim with special physique, the victim should be compensated for all the loss in principle. The principle of complete compensation has the basis of legal practice in comparative law and the legitimacy of legal theory. The legal practice of Britain, the United States, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and other countries fully embodies the principle of full compensation, while the compensation for damage, the prevention of damage also requires the infringer to bear full liability for compensation. The principle of full compensation demonstrates the right of the disabled to participate in society on an equal footing by law. At the same time, there are some limitations in the application of the principle of complete compensation. The fault of the victim, the special physical condition of the victim and the particularity of the medical tort should be fully considered, and the liability of the infringer should be reduced accordingly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923

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本文編號：1889771