本文選題：無(wú)效民事法律行為 + 民事行為能力　； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：無(wú)效民事法律行為制度一直以來(lái)都是我國(guó)民法理論的重要內(nèi)容,但圍繞如何確定無(wú)效民事法律行為的類型這一問(wèn)題,理論界與司法實(shí)務(wù)界仍存在諸多不同意見(jiàn)。無(wú)效民事法律行為類型的設(shè)置涉及國(guó)家公權(quán)力對(duì)公民私權(quán)利,對(duì)平等、自由等民法核心價(jià)值理念和原則的限制程度,其重要性不言而喻�！吨腥A人民共和國(guó)民法總則》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《民法總則》)對(duì)無(wú)效民事法律行為類型的相關(guān)制度作出了如下與時(shí)俱進(jìn)地調(diào)整:下調(diào)無(wú)民事行為能力人年齡界限為8周歲;改欺詐、脅迫或乘人之危民事法律行為無(wú)效為可撤銷;廢除“以合法形式掩蓋非法目的”、“惡意串通損害國(guó)家、集體或者第三人利益”等列舉式立法;增加通謀虛偽意思表示無(wú)效的相關(guān)規(guī)定;將違法型無(wú)效民事法律行為的違法法源位階限定為法律、行政法規(guī)并增加了但書規(guī)定,其合理性與進(jìn)步性十分明顯。然而,賦予無(wú)民事行為能力人實(shí)施的與其年齡、智力、精神健康狀態(tài)相適應(yīng)的民事法律行為有效同準(zhǔn)許限制民事行為能力人可以實(shí)施與其年齡、智力、精神健康狀態(tài)相適應(yīng)的民事法律行為在立法目的上并無(wú)不同,我國(guó)《民法總則》應(yīng)當(dāng)在無(wú)民事行為能力人實(shí)施的民事法律行為無(wú)效規(guī)定之后加上但書:“但實(shí)施與其年齡、智力、精神狀態(tài)相適應(yīng)的民事法律行為有效”;另外,《民法總則》還應(yīng)細(xì)化規(guī)定限制民事行為能力人實(shí)施的單方民事法律行為無(wú)效。此外,為保證意思表示瑕疵型無(wú)效民事法律行為版圖的完整性,《民法總則》還應(yīng)增加真意保留之例外無(wú)效民事法律行為和戲謔無(wú)效民事法律行為之規(guī)定。鑒于司法實(shí)踐當(dāng)中的“惡意串通行為”在我國(guó)現(xiàn)行民法上都可以找到相應(yīng)的規(guī)制制度,因此,我國(guó)《民法總則》應(yīng)徹底廢除“惡意串通”之規(guī)定,可將司法實(shí)踐當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)的絕大多數(shù)“惡意串通行為”分別交由通謀虛偽意思表示制度、無(wú)權(quán)代理制度、無(wú)權(quán)處分制度、債權(quán)人撤銷權(quán)制度等來(lái)規(guī)制,剩下極少數(shù)的“惡意串通行為”則可交由公序良俗原則來(lái)規(guī)定。
[Abstract]:The system of invalid civil legal acts has always been an important part of the theory of civil law in our country. However, there are still many different opinions between the theoretical circle and the judicial practice circle on how to determine the types of invalid civil legal acts. The establishment of invalid civil legal acts involves the restriction of the state public power on the private rights of citizens, on the core values and principles of civil law, such as equality and freedom, etc. Its importance is self-evident. The General principles of Civil Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "General principles of Civil Law") have made the following adjustments to the relevant system of invalid civil legal acts: down-regulating persons with no capacity for civil conduct The age limit is 8 years; To change the invalidity of fraudulent, coerced or dangerous civil acts into revocability, to repeal the enumerative legislation of "cover-up of illegal purpose by lawful form" and "malicious collusion to harm the interests of the state, the collective or the third party"; Increase the relevant provisions of conspiracy hypocrisy meaning to express invalidity; limit the illegal legal source rank of illegal invalid civil legal act to law, administrative regulations and add proviso, its rationality and progress is very obvious. However, a person who gives a person without civil capacity the right age, intelligence, and mental health to carry out civil legal acts that are appropriate to his age, intelligence, and mental health shall be permitted to exercise civil legal acts in accordance with his age, intelligence, and ability to do so. There is no difference in the legislative purpose of civil legal acts in accordance with the state of mental health. The General principles of Civil Law of our country should add a proviso after the invalid provisions of civil legal acts carried out by persons with no capacity for civil conduct: "but its implementation is in accordance with its age," In addition, the General principles of Civil Law should also specify the invalidity of unilateral civil legal acts that restrict the capacity of civil conduct. In addition, in order to ensure the integrity of the territory of invalid civil legal acts with defective expression of will, the General principles of Civil Law should also increase the provisions on the exception of invalid civil legal acts and the banter of invalid civil legal acts. In view of the fact that the "malicious collusion" in judicial practice can be found in the current civil law of our country, therefore, the General principles of Civil Law of our country should abolish the provision of "malicious collusion" thoroughly. The vast majority of "malicious collusion" in judicial practice can be regulated by the system of conspiracy, the system of false expression of will, the system of unauthorized agency, the system of disposition, the system of revocation of creditors, etc. The few remaining "malicious acts of collusion" can be prescribed by the principle of public order and good practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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