本文選題：微博 + 名譽(yù)權(quán)　； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：言論自由是《憲法》賦予的公民基本權(quán)利。近年來,微博己成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代彰顯個性、挑戰(zhàn)權(quán)威的一種草根性的自媒體,每個人不但可以是信息的接受者,更有機(jī)會成為信息的發(fā)布者,將言論自由權(quán)利發(fā)揮到了極致。學(xué)界對微博這一新事物展開了大量討論和研究,學(xué)者們普遍認(rèn)為對微博發(fā)揮出的促進(jìn)社會進(jìn)步和民主開放的作用不容否定。與此同時,微博上名譽(yù)權(quán)侵權(quán)案件層出不窮,且屢屢引起社會輿論關(guān)注。合理解決微博上言論自由與名譽(yù)權(quán)之間的沖突迫在眉睫。社會發(fā)展規(guī)律告訴我們,技術(shù)的革新日益深刻地改變著人們的生活方式,對我們的社會關(guān)系不斷賦予新的內(nèi)涵和外延,而社會關(guān)系的改變必然導(dǎo)致法律規(guī)范模式的調(diào)整。由于立法規(guī)范具有滯后性與原則性,對于新事物帶來的新問題,現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)則往往無法即時調(diào)整。因此,司法裁判只能在既定法律原則的基礎(chǔ)上衡平法律關(guān)系各方利益界分法律責(zé)任,尋找解決微博上引發(fā)的名譽(yù)權(quán)糾紛的裁判法律規(guī)則。法院在審理微博上名譽(yù)權(quán)侵權(quán)案件時,需要進(jìn)行法益衡量,裁判難點(diǎn)是如何把握名譽(yù)權(quán)、言論自由保護(hù)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)發(fā)展相結(jié)合的審判思路。其實(shí),微博上名譽(yù)權(quán)侵權(quán)與傳統(tǒng)名譽(yù)權(quán)侵權(quán)本質(zhì)相同,同樣適用法定的一般侵權(quán)行為構(gòu)成要件,但微博傳播具有即時性、范圍廣、信息碎片化等特點(diǎn),微博環(huán)境的特殊性加之名譽(yù)權(quán)的特殊性,造成了傳統(tǒng)侵權(quán)行為構(gòu)成要件在適用過程中困境重重,諸多方面基本依賴法官自由裁量,缺乏嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性和可操作性。因此,筆者通過研究微博上名譽(yù)權(quán)侵權(quán)糾紛的裁判規(guī)則,總結(jié)有益裁判經(jīng)驗(yàn),并大膽指出不足、提出建議,以期建立合目的、合邏輯、可操作的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來厘清名譽(yù)權(quán)侵權(quán)微博言論與非侵權(quán)微博言論的界限。在保護(hù)公民名譽(yù)權(quán)的同時,更有益于明確言論自由保護(hù)范圍。本文主體共分為四個部分。第一章為典型案例及裁判要點(diǎn)歸納。首先,本文開篇即列出近年來審結(jié)的十起微博侵犯他人名譽(yù)權(quán)的典型案例,使讀者對此類案件有感性認(rèn)識,為下文具體分析提供素材。其次,筆者將依據(jù)判例,從宏觀上初步梳理出法院的裁判要點(diǎn)。由此最后引出微博特點(diǎn)及微博名譽(yù)糾紛高發(fā)的原因,凸顯微博法律秩序規(guī)則的特性及研究價值,并指出當(dāng)前的裁判困境。第二章為微博上名譽(yù)權(quán)侵權(quán)責(zé)任主體研究。結(jié)合現(xiàn)行法和微博運(yùn)營實(shí)際情況,側(cè)重將復(fù)雜的責(zé)任主體按照不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分類開來分析,重點(diǎn)突出不同責(zé)任主體的特殊性,為微博名譽(yù)侵權(quán)責(zé)任認(rèn)定的特殊性分析做出理論鋪墊。第三章為微博名譽(yù)權(quán)侵權(quán)責(zé)任的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及其裁判規(guī)則研究。結(jié)合現(xiàn)行法和法院審判實(shí)踐,針對微博用戶和微博服務(wù)提供者,分為構(gòu)成要件和抗辯事由兩個方面,將充分結(jié)合案例,以法院判決為研究對象,力圖展現(xiàn)一套完整的目前法院認(rèn)定微博名譽(yù)侵權(quán)的裁判規(guī)則體系,希冀在傳統(tǒng)名譽(yù)侵權(quán)的框架內(nèi),厘清微博名譽(yù)侵權(quán)的特殊適用問題。第四章為基于微博名譽(yù)侵權(quán)責(zé)任認(rèn)定裁判規(guī)則的思考及建議。針對法院裁判存在的不合理之處及裁判規(guī)則空白點(diǎn),筆者經(jīng)過理論結(jié)合實(shí)際的思考,大膽提出了自己的建議,并進(jìn)行有針對性的分析。希望能夠?qū)ν晟莆⒉┟u(yù)權(quán)侵權(quán)責(zé)任認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的完善有所貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Freedom of speech is the basic right granted by the constitution. In recent years, micro-blog has become a grass-roots self media in the Internet era to highlight its personality and challenge authority. Everyone can not only be the receiver of information, but also become a publisher of information. It has brought freedom of speech to the extreme. The new things of micro-blog in the academic world. A large number of discussions and studies have been carried out, and scholars generally believe that the role of promoting social progress and democratic opening to the micro-blog can not be denied. At the same time, the infringement of the right of reputation on micro-blog has come out in an endless stream, and it has repeatedly aroused the attention of the public opinion. It is imminent to solve the conflict between micro-blog's speech and the right of reputation. The law of development tells us that the innovation of technology is changing the way of people's life and the new connotation and extension of our social relations, and the change of social relations inevitably leads to the adjustment of the legal norms. The rules of law often cannot be adjusted immediately. Therefore, the judicial referee can only balance the legal responsibility of the interests of all parties in legal relations on the basis of the established legal principles and find the legal rules for solving the dispute on the right of reputation caused by the micro-blog. The court needs to measure the legal benefits when the case of the right of reputation infringement on micro-blog is heard, and the difficulties of the referee are the difficulties. How to grasp the right of reputation and the combination of freedom of speech protection and the development of Internet technology. In fact, the infringement of the right of reputation on the micro-blog is the same as that of the traditional right of reputation infringement, and it also applies to the legal elements of the general tort, but the micro-blog has the characteristics of immediate, extensive and fragmented information, and the particularity of the micro-blog environment. In addition, the particularity of the right of reputation has caused many difficulties in the application process of the constitution of the traditional tort. Many aspects depend on the discretion of the judge, lack of rigor and maneuverability. Therefore, through the study of the rules of the referee of the infringement of the right of reputation on micro-blog, the author sums up the useful referee's experience and boldly points out the shortcomings and puts forward the construction. Discussion, in order to establish the objective, logical and operable standards to clarify the boundary between the micro-blog speech and the non tortious micro-blog speech right infringement. While protecting the citizen's reputation right, it is more useful to clear the scope of freedom of speech protection. The main body of this article is divided into four parts. The first chapter is the typical case and the referee's main points. The beginning of this article is to list ten typical cases of micro-blog's infringement of others' right of reputation in recent years, so that readers have the perceptual knowledge of such cases and provide material for the specific analysis below. Secondly, the author will sort out the main points of the court from the macro level according to the case, and then lead to the high incidence of micro-blog's characteristics and the reputation of micro-blog. The reason is to highlight the characteristics and research value of the rules of the legal order of micro-blog, and point out the current predicament of the referee. The second chapter is the research on the subject of the tort liability for the right of reputation on micro-blog. In combination with the current law and the actual operation of micro-blog, it focuses on the analysis of the complex responsibility subject according to the different standards, focusing on the special subject of different responsibilities. In order to make a theoretical basis for the analysis of the particularity of the cognizance of micro-blog's reputation for tort liability, the third chapter is the standard and the study of the rules for the cognizance of the tort liability of the honorary right of micro-blog. In combination with the current law and the trial practice of the court, it is divided into two aspects: the components of the micro-blog user and the micro-blog service provider, which will be fully combined with the case. Taking the court verdict as the research object, it tries to show a complete set of judicial rules system for the current court to identify micro-blog's reputation infringement, and hopes to clarify the special application of the tort of the reputation of micro-blog in the framework of the traditional reputation infringement. The fourth chapter is the thinking and suggestions for the determination of the rules of judgment based on the reputation of micro-blog, which is based on the reputation of micro-blog. The unreasonableness of the referee and the blank of the rules of the referee, the author, after the thought of the theory combined with the reality, boldly put forward his own suggestion and carried on a pertinent analysis. I hope to contribute to the perfection of the standard of cognizance of the tort liability for the right of reputation of micro-blog.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923
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本文編號：1861489