本文選題：轉(zhuǎn)基因動物 + 專利　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)自20世紀(jì)70年代誕生以來,得到了快速發(fā)展,轉(zhuǎn)基因動物廣泛應(yīng)用于科學(xué)研究、醫(yī)藥健康、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)等眾多領(lǐng)域,逐漸形成一個巨大產(chǎn)業(yè)。我國在“十二五”規(guī)劃期間提出《生物產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃》,以國家戰(zhàn)略的高度力爭在這一高新技術(shù)領(lǐng)域占有一席之地。轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展使各國紛紛認(rèn)識到轉(zhuǎn)基因動物的巨大價值,特別是發(fā)達(dá)國家對轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)領(lǐng)域采取專利保護(hù)之后,各國對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物的關(guān)注達(dá)到了全新的高度。我國轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的起步相對較晚,總體水平與發(fā)達(dá)國家存在一定差距;但由于近來國家的不斷重視,相關(guān)研究在很多領(lǐng)域取得突破,某些方面甚至達(dá)到世界先進(jìn)水平。然不可否認(rèn)的是,由于相應(yīng)保護(hù)制度的缺失,我國轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)發(fā)展依然面臨各種各樣的問題,與發(fā)達(dá)國家轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的差距有進(jìn)一步拉大的趨勢。專利制度對科技進(jìn)步的巨大促進(jìn)作用已經(jīng)得到驗(yàn)證,要想縮小與發(fā)達(dá)國家的差距甚至超過發(fā)達(dá)國家的水平,對專利制度的實(shí)行也就變得相當(dāng)必要。雖然我國在最近將基因納入可專利客體的范圍之內(nèi),但仍然大大落后于實(shí)踐需要,對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物實(shí)行專利保護(hù)似乎已經(jīng)成為不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的趨勢。然而,一項(xiàng)新制度的建立必然會面臨巨大的阻力和各種各樣的障礙,因此對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物概念的厘清、對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利概況的描述、對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利可行性的分析就具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文正文分為四個部分。第一部分主要是對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物相關(guān)內(nèi)容的概述。通過對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物和轉(zhuǎn)基因動物技術(shù)的概念、特點(diǎn)和轉(zhuǎn)基因動物的應(yīng)用前景等的描述,試圖展示轉(zhuǎn)基因動物到底是什么,轉(zhuǎn)基因動物到底有什么用,我們?yōu)槭裁匆獙D(zhuǎn)基因動物進(jìn)行保護(hù),從而在為本文接下來的論述奠定基礎(chǔ)的同時引出問題。第二部分主要是對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利概況的分析。通過對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利制度的特點(diǎn)、我國實(shí)行轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利的必要性以及國外關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)基因動物保護(hù)的選擇的描述來說明我國對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物實(shí)行專利保護(hù)的原因。第三部分主要是對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利可行性的分析。通過對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物可專利客體、轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利的理論爭議、轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利的實(shí)質(zhì)審查標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的分析表明我國可以對轉(zhuǎn)基因動物實(shí)行專利保護(hù)以及我國轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利保護(hù)所面臨的一些挑戰(zhàn)和在制度實(shí)行過程中需要注意的問題。第四部分主要是對我國轉(zhuǎn)基因動物專利制度的一些探索。首先簡略地列明了我國關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)基因動物保護(hù)的法律規(guī)定,接著分析了我國在轉(zhuǎn)基因動物保護(hù)領(lǐng)域所面臨的問題,最后針對相關(guān)問題提出了幾點(diǎn)建議,以期為我國的轉(zhuǎn)基因動物保護(hù)制度的建立和完善提供些許幫助。
[Abstract]:Transgenic technology has been developed rapidly since its birth in 1970s. Transgenic animals have been widely used in many fields, such as scientific research, medical health, agricultural production and so on, and gradually formed a huge industry. During the 12th Five-Year Plan, our country put forward the Biological Industry Development Plan, striving to occupy a place in this high-tech field with the height of national strategy. With the continuous development of the transgenic technology industry, many countries have realized the great value of transgenic animals, especially after the developed countries take patent protection in the field of transgenic technology, the attention to transgenic animals has reached a new height. The start of transgenic technology in China is relatively late and there is a certain gap between the general level and developed countries. However, due to the constant attention paid by our country recently, related research has made breakthroughs in many fields, and some aspects have even reached the advanced level in the world. However, it is undeniable that, due to the lack of corresponding protection system, the development of transgenic technology in China is still faced with various problems, and the gap between China and the developed countries in transgenic technology industry has a trend of further widening. The role of patent system in promoting the progress of science and technology has been proved. In order to narrow the gap with developed countries and even exceed the level of developed countries, the implementation of patent system becomes quite necessary. Although our country has recently brought genes into the scope of patentable objects, it still lags far behind the needs of practice. Patent protection of transgenic animals seems to have become an irreversible trend. However, the establishment of a new system will inevitably face great resistance and various obstacles, so the concept of genetically modified animals is clarified, and the patent profile of transgenic animals is described. The analysis of patent feasibility of transgenic animals has important theoretical and practical significance. The text of this paper is divided into four parts. The first part is an overview of the related contents of transgenic animals. By describing the concept, characteristics and application prospects of transgenic animals and transgenic animal technology, this paper tries to show what transgenic animals are and what they are useful for. Why should we protect transgenic animals so as to lay the foundation for the following discussion? The second part is the analysis of the patent of transgenic animals. Through the characteristics of the patent system of transgenic animals, the necessity of implementing the patent of transgenic animals in China and the description of the choice of protection of transgenic animals abroad, the reasons for patent protection of transgenic animals in China are explained. The third part is the analysis of patent feasibility of transgenic animals. Through the theoretical dispute about the patentable object of transgenic animal, the patent of transgenic animal, The analysis of the essential examination standard of the patent of transgenic animals shows that the patent protection of transgenic animals can be carried out in our country and some challenges faced by the patent protection of transgenic animals in our country and some problems needing attention in the process of implementing the system. The fourth part mainly explores the patent system of transgenic animals in China. First of all, it briefly lists the laws and regulations on the protection of transgenic animals in China, then analyzes the problems that our country faces in the field of protection of genetically modified animals, and finally puts forward some suggestions for the related problems. In order to provide some help for the establishment and improvement of transgenic animal protection system in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.42

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