本文選題：宅基地使用權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：主體資格　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：宅基地使用權(quán)制度設(shè)計(jì)的初衷是為了保障農(nóng)民的土地利益,國(guó)家對(duì)宅基地的申請(qǐng)和使用均采取無(wú)償?shù)姆绞健＿@一保障性的制度一經(jīng)提出便在當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)發(fā)揮了不可替代的積極作用。但是隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,土地日益成為高價(jià)稀缺的資源,農(nóng)村宅基地的面積卻隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)而不斷擴(kuò)大,農(nóng)民迫切希望可以通過(guò)土地獲得額外的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。中央政府及各省、市地區(qū)雖然出臺(tái)相關(guān)法律、政策規(guī)范宅基地的管理,但總事與愿違。現(xiàn)在部分地區(qū)的村民外出務(wù)工又加劇了宅基地閑置的問(wèn)題。這些宅基地或荒廢在村內(nèi),或通過(guò)隱性的方式轉(zhuǎn)賣給了他人,這造成了很多宅基地買賣糾紛案件的發(fā)生�，F(xiàn)行的宅基地使用權(quán)制度解決不了村民對(duì)宅基地進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)利用的內(nèi)在要求和國(guó)家對(duì)宅基地主體資格進(jìn)行外在限制之間的矛盾。針對(duì)宅基地的申請(qǐng)、繼承和流轉(zhuǎn)程序,法律尚沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在這種模糊的狀態(tài)下很多人開始利用法律的空白為自己謀利,法院在審理這類案件時(shí)往往遭遇尷尬,導(dǎo)致了宅基地類糾紛案件存在同案不同判的情形。想要解決這些問(wèn)題必須首先明確宅基地使用權(quán)的主體資格,完善相關(guān)的法律制度才能達(dá)到定紛止?fàn)幍男Ч�。本文除了引言和結(jié)語(yǔ)外,將從以下各方面展開研究：首先,本文會(huì)對(duì)宅基地使用權(quán)主體及相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行界定。通過(guò)對(duì)宅基地使用權(quán)主體的立法梳理,縱向介紹國(guó)家的立法變化,即宅基地使用權(quán)主體資格經(jīng)歷了由限制——放開——再限制的過(guò)程。通過(guò)對(duì)我國(guó)不同省、市地區(qū)的宅基地管理辦法進(jìn)行橫向比較,進(jìn)一步的歸納宅基地使用權(quán)主體資格的構(gòu)成要件,并分析不同地區(qū)在宅基地使用權(quán)主體資格的初始取得、繼受取得和喪失方面存在的區(qū)別,從而明確關(guān)于宅基地使用權(quán)主體資格的立法差異和理論缺陷,為后文的研究指明方向。其次,本文將對(duì)2008年至2014年間發(fā)生的100例有關(guān)宅基地糾紛類案件進(jìn)行整理和歸納,結(jié)合得出的數(shù)據(jù)分析實(shí)務(wù)中存在的問(wèn)題,以明確宅基地使用權(quán)主體資格的重要性。借由現(xiàn)行法律存在的理論問(wèn)題及司法實(shí)踐中存在的實(shí)務(wù)問(wèn)題,指明宅基地使用權(quán)主體資格的取得方式有待完善、宅基地使用權(quán)主體的退出機(jī)制亟需建立、宅基地使用權(quán)的申請(qǐng)、管理工作亟待加強(qiáng)。最后,本文將根據(jù)前幾部分所闡述的問(wèn)題提出相關(guān)的立法建議,指出宅基地使用權(quán)制度的價(jià)值理念應(yīng)當(dāng)改變,不能將保障性作為其唯一的價(jià)值追求,而要兼顧效率價(jià)值和公平價(jià)值。針對(duì)宅基地使用權(quán)主體申請(qǐng)、審批的問(wèn)題,要合理劃分宅基地管理部門權(quán)、責(zé),避免政府間不作為的現(xiàn)象。文章還將對(duì)宅基地使用權(quán)主體資格的取得和退出制度進(jìn)行了理論構(gòu)建。以期可以通過(guò)文中對(duì)宅基地使用權(quán)主體資格問(wèn)題的探討和立法制度的完善,為相關(guān)的立法和司法工作提供參考和幫助。
[Abstract]:The original intention of the system of homestead use right is to protect the farmers' land interests, and the state adopts the free way to apply for and use the homestead.As soon as this safeguard system was put forward, it played an irreplaceable positive role in the society at that time.However, with the development of market economy, land is becoming a scarce resource with high price, and the area of rural homestead is expanding with the growth of economy. Farmers are eager to obtain extra economic benefits through land.Although the central government and the provinces, cities and regions issued laws and policies to regulate the management of homestead, but the total backfired.Now the villagers in some areas of migrant workers and exacerbated the problem of idle homestead.These sites were abandoned in the village or sold to others in a hidden way, which led to a lot of disputes over the sale of homestead.The current system of homestead use right can not solve the contradiction between the inherent requirement of the villagers' economic utilization of the homestead and the external restriction on the qualification of the main body of the homestead by the state.For homestead application, inheritance and circulation procedures, the law has not yet unified standards.In such a vague state, many people begin to use the blank of the law for their own profit, the court often encounter embarrassment in the trial of such cases, resulting in the homestead dispute cases with different judgments.In order to solve these problems, we must first define the subject qualification of the right to use the homestead, and perfect the relevant legal system to achieve the effect of settling disputes.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper will start the research from the following aspects: first, this paper will define the subject of homestead use right and related concepts.Through combing the legislation of the subject of homestead use right, this paper introduces the legislative changes of the country vertically, that is, the subject qualification of the homestead use right has experienced the process of restricting-liberalizing-relimiting.Through the horizontal comparison of the management methods of homestead in different provinces and cities of our country, this paper further sums up the constitutive elements of the subject qualification of the right to use the homestead, and analyzes the initial acquisition of the qualification of the subject of the right to use the homestead in different areas.The differences between the acquisition and the loss of the right to use the homestead, so as to clarify the legislative differences and theoretical defects on the subject qualification of the right to use the homestead, and point out the direction for the later studies.Secondly, this paper will sort out and sum up 100 cases of homestead disputes from 2008 to 2014, and analyze the problems in practice in order to make clear the importance of the subject qualification of homestead use right.Through the theoretical problems existing in the current law and the practical problems in judicial practice, the author points out that the way to obtain the qualification of the subject of homestead use right needs to be perfected, the withdrawal mechanism of the subject of the right to use the homestead needs to be established urgently, and the application for the right to use the homestead.Management needs to be strengthened.Finally, this paper will put forward the relevant legislative suggestions according to the problems described in the previous parts, and point out that the value concept of the right to use the homestead system should be changed, and the guarantee should not be regarded as its only value pursuit.The value of efficiency and equity should be taken into account.In view of the application and examination and approval of the subject of the right to use the homestead, it is necessary to reasonably divide the authority and responsibility of the management department of the homestead to avoid the phenomenon of government inaction.The article also carries on the theoretical construction to the homestead use right main body qualification obtain and the withdrawal system.In order to provide reference and help for the relevant legislative and judicial work, we can discuss the subject qualification of homestead use right and perfect the legislative system in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.3;D923.2

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