本文選題：棄嬰島　切入點(diǎn)：生命權(quán)　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：2011年6月,我國(guó)第一個(gè)嬰兒安全島(民間俗稱為“棄嬰島”)在河北省石家莊設(shè)立。“棄嬰島”的設(shè)立使得棄嬰存活率提升30%,是我國(guó)兒童福利機(jī)構(gòu)保護(hù)棄嬰生存權(quán)利的一次嘗試與探索。2013年7月,民政部在總結(jié)地方經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,下發(fā)《民政部辦公廳關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)中國(guó)兒童福利和收養(yǎng)中心開展“嬰兒安全島”試點(diǎn)工作方案的通知》,要求各地根據(jù)實(shí)際情況開展棄嬰島試點(diǎn)工作。這意味著福利機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置“棄嬰島”、接收棄嬰的行為,得到了政府的認(rèn)可,并將在全國(guó)試點(diǎn)推廣。目前學(xué)界對(duì)棄嬰島的研究,在理論基礎(chǔ)、形成條件、運(yùn)行機(jī)制等方面尚不夠系統(tǒng)和具體。同時(shí),我國(guó)還未制定與棄嬰島相關(guān)的法律,一些試行的規(guī)范性文件內(nèi)容原則且缺乏可操作性,不利于棄嬰島的順利運(yùn)行。目前棄嬰島存在的突出問題包括:與棄嬰島相關(guān)的理論基礎(chǔ)未得到充分的論證;棄嬰救助與“遺棄罪”之間是否存在法律沖突有待進(jìn)一步確認(rèn);運(yùn)行中面臨收養(yǎng)、安置不完善、軟硬件設(shè)施不足等困難。由此,本文選擇棄嬰島作為研究對(duì)象,通過對(duì)棄嬰島的形成、發(fā)展及運(yùn)行過程中存在的突出問題進(jìn)行闡述,運(yùn)用生命權(quán)法益、國(guó)家救助責(zé)任、兒童利益最大化原則等理論對(duì)棄嬰島進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)合我國(guó)具體國(guó)情,提出完善棄嬰島建制和減少棄嬰的新舉措,尋求充分保障棄嬰生命權(quán),增強(qiáng)棄嬰島運(yùn)行的可行性與有效性的有效路徑。全文共分為五個(gè)部分:第一部分為我國(guó)棄嬰島的形成與發(fā)展。通過對(duì)棄嬰島形成和發(fā)展?fàn)顩r進(jìn)行闡述,對(duì)我國(guó)棄嬰島的數(shù)量設(shè)置、運(yùn)行模式、運(yùn)行效果有了初步的了解和認(rèn)識(shí)。第二部分為棄嬰島設(shè)立的法學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。棄嬰島的設(shè)立是堅(jiān)持生命權(quán)利至上和兒童利益最大化原則的必然要求,是我國(guó)政府應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任與義務(wù)。同時(shí)也是我國(guó)人權(quán)發(fā)展的應(yīng)有之義,符合我國(guó)憲法倡導(dǎo)的基本原則和精神。第三部分為我國(guó)棄嬰島試點(diǎn)中存在的問題。棄嬰島屬于新生事物,尚處于摸索時(shí)期,發(fā)展尚未成熟。棄嬰島運(yùn)行中存在很多問題:如棄嬰島運(yùn)行的法律規(guī)范化不足、安置方案不完善、軟硬件設(shè)施不足等。第四部分為對(duì)國(guó)外棄嬰法律保障制度的借鑒。美國(guó)《安全港法案》和“匿名棄嬰”制度與“反悔取回”制度的設(shè)立能為我國(guó)棄嬰島的設(shè)立和良好運(yùn)行提供一定的制度參照和理論依據(jù)。第五部分為棄嬰島及減少棄嬰的完善措施。1.保障棄嬰的最大權(quán)益屬于兒童福利制度的一部分,我國(guó)應(yīng)該制定棄嬰福利制度,與棄嬰島相銜接,保障棄嬰的生存與發(fā)展。2.棄嬰島立法專門化、具體化。詳細(xì)規(guī)定棄嬰島的設(shè)立、運(yùn)行、安置等基本內(nèi)容,并對(duì)相關(guān)的法律責(zé)任等進(jìn)行完善。3.棄嬰島雖然保障了棄嬰的生命權(quán),但如何從根本上減少棄嬰仍是我們關(guān)注的重點(diǎn),如制定《兒童福利法》、建立國(guó)家醫(yī)療補(bǔ)貼和最低醫(yī)療救助制度、健全新生兒、疾病嬰兒救助醫(yī)療體系,完善最低保障等。
[Abstract]:June 2011, The first infant safety island (commonly known as "abandoned infant island") was established in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province. The establishment of abandoned infant island increased the survival rate of abandoned infants by 30%, which is an attempt of child welfare institutions in China to protect the right of survival of abandoned infants. In July 2013, On the basis of summing up local experience, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, The Circular of the General Office of the Ministry of Civil Affairs on forwarding the pilot work Program of "Baby Safety Island" to the Chinese Child Welfare and Adoption Center requires all localities to carry out the pilot work on abandoned Baby Island according to the actual situation. This means that the welfare machine will be carried out. To set up an "abandoned island" to receive abandoned babies, Has been recognized by the government, and will be promoted in national pilot projects. At present, the academic research on abandoned baby islands is not systematic and specific in terms of theoretical basis, formation conditions, operating mechanism, etc. Meanwhile, China has not yet formulated laws related to abandoned baby islands. Some of the trial normative document content principles and lack of maneuverability are not conducive to the smooth operation of abandoned infant island. At present, the prominent problems of abandoned infant island include: the theoretical basis related to abandoned infant island has not been fully demonstrated; Whether there is a conflict of laws between abandoned baby rescue and "abandonment crime" needs to be further confirmed, the operation of which is faced with difficulties such as adoption, imperfect placement, inadequate hardware and software facilities, etc. Therefore, this paper chooses abandoned infant island as the research object. This paper expounds the prominent problems existing in the formation, development and operation of abandoned infant island, and analyzes the abandoned infant island by using the theory of right to life law, the responsibility of state aid and the principle of maximization of children's interests, combining with the specific conditions of our country. Put forward new measures to perfect the establishment of abandoned baby island and reduce abandoned baby, and seek to fully guarantee the right to life of abandoned baby, The paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the formation and development of abandoned infant island in China. For the quantity setting and operation mode of abandoned infant island in China, The second part is the legal basis of the establishment of abandoned baby island. The establishment of abandoned baby island is the inevitable requirement of upholding the principle of the right to life and the maximization of children's interests. It is the responsibility and obligation of our government. It is also the proper meaning of the development of human rights in our country, which accords with the basic principles and spirit advocated by the Constitution of our country. The third part is the problems existing in the experiment of abandoned baby island in our country. Abandoned baby island is a new thing. There are many problems in the operation of abandoned baby island, such as the lack of legal standardization of the operation of abandoned baby island, the imperfection of resettlement scheme, The fourth part is the reference to the foreign legal protection system of abandoned babies. The American "safe Harbor Act", the "Anonymous abandoned babies" system and the "return of repentance" system can be used for the establishment of abandoned baby islands in China. Good operation provides certain system reference and theoretical basis. The fifth part is the perfect measures to reduce abandoned baby island and reduce abandoned baby. 1. Protecting the maximum rights and interests of abandoned baby belongs to the part of child welfare system. Our country should formulate the welfare system of abandoned infants, link up with abandoned infant island, guarantee the survival and development of abandoned baby. 2. The legislation of abandoned infant island is specialized and specific. The establishment, operation and resettlement of abandoned infant island are stipulated in detail. And to improve the related legal responsibilities. 3.Although abandoned baby island has guaranteed the right to life of abandoned baby, how to reduce abandoned baby fundamentally is still the focus of our attention. For example, the Child Welfare Law should be formulated, the state medical subsidy and minimum medical assistance system should be established, the medical care system for newborns and infants with diseases should be improved, and the minimum guarantee should be improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.1

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 黎昌珍;;從西方兒童福利范式的演變看我國(guó)農(nóng)村孤兒救助制的轉(zhuǎn)型[J];學(xué)術(shù)論壇;2006年12期

2 楊超;郭林;;關(guān)于完善我國(guó)兒童福利體系的若干思考[J];科技經(jīng)濟(jì)市場(chǎng);2007年02期

3 ;加強(qiáng)兒童福利設(shè)施建設(shè) 拓展兒童福利服務(wù)功能——第三屆全國(guó)兒童福利院院長(zhǎng)論壇征文啟事[J];社會(huì)福利;2007年02期

4 ;加強(qiáng)兒童福利設(shè)施建設(shè) 拓展兒童福利服務(wù)功能——第三屆全國(guó)兒童福利院院長(zhǎng)論壇征文啟事[J];社會(huì)福利;2007年03期

5 劉繼同;郭巖;;整合兒童健康與兒童福利:重構(gòu)中國(guó)現(xiàn)代兒童福利政策框架[J];學(xué)習(xí)與實(shí)踐;2007年02期

6 李劍華;王金安;;兒童福利設(shè)施的延展功能[J];社會(huì)福利;2007年07期

7 甘薇薇;;以“明天計(jì)劃”、“藍(lán)天計(jì)劃”為契機(jī) 推動(dòng)兒童福利全面發(fā)展[J];社會(huì)福利;2007年10期

8 李劍華;;兒童福利設(shè)施建設(shè)功能能取向[J];社會(huì)福利;2007年10期

9 王振耀;;建立與中等發(fā)展水平相適應(yīng)的兒童福利制度[J];社會(huì)福利;2008年11期

10 劉繼同;;當(dāng)代中國(guó)的兒童福利政策框架與兒童福利服務(wù)體系(下篇)[J];青少年犯罪問題;2008年06期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 陸士楨;黃妙紅;;中國(guó)兒童社會(huì)保障構(gòu)建的基本思路[A];改革開放三十年與青少年和青少年工作發(fā)展研究報(bào)告——第四屆中國(guó)青少年發(fā)展論壇暨中國(guó)青少年研究會(huì)優(yōu)秀論文集（2008）[C];2008年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前10條

1 王燦;河南首次向全省孤兒發(fā)放“兒童福利證”[N];中國(guó)社會(huì)報(bào);2007年

2 本報(bào)記者 鄭莉;兒童福利：呼喚政府主導(dǎo)角色回歸[N];工人日?qǐng)?bào);2010年

3 成海軍 民政部管理干部學(xué)院教授;加強(qiáng)法治建設(shè) 迎接兒童福利事業(yè)的又一個(gè)春天[N];中國(guó)社會(huì)報(bào);2010年

4 尚曉援 澳大利亞新南威爾士大學(xué)社會(huì)政策研究中心教授;慈善組織保護(hù)兒童福利[N];中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)報(bào);2010年

5 本報(bào)記者 顏維琦;兒童福利應(yīng)走向制度化[N];光明日?qǐng)?bào);2010年

6 本報(bào)記者 蔡雙喜;應(yīng)盡快著手建設(shè)兒童福利行政體系[N];中國(guó)婦女報(bào);2012年

7 成靜;我國(guó)兒童福利水平落后于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展[N];中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)導(dǎo)報(bào);2012年

8 兵臨;補(bǔ)上“兒童福利”這一課[N];檢察日?qǐng)?bào);2013年

9 見習(xí)記者 楊福戩;學(xué)者再次呼吁出臺(tái)《兒童福利條例》[N];民主與法制時(shí)報(bào);2013年

10 本報(bào)記者 張若谷 楊紅川;兒童福利項(xiàng)目探索民政新路[N];云南日?qǐng)?bào);2014年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 王慧先;中國(guó)兒童福利行政研究[D];中國(guó)政法大學(xué);2010年

2 張琳;兒童福利建設(shè)存在的問題及對(duì)策選擇[D];沈陽師范大學(xué);2013年

3 吳雪;中國(guó)兒童福利政策框架研究[D];南京工業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

4 劉敏;兒童福利領(lǐng)域政府與非政府組織的合作研究[D];西北師范大學(xué);2013年

5 阿特日其木格;中蒙兒童福利制度比較研究[D];上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué);2013年

6 劉凡同;瑞典兒童福利體系研究[D];山東大學(xué);2014年

7 劉倩;關(guān)于兒童福利政策的碎片化現(xiàn)象研究[D];中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

8 梁小妍;適度普惠型兒童福利機(jī)制設(shè)計(jì)研究[D];安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2015年

9 王鐵軍;兒童福利立法研究[D];北京理工大學(xué);2015年

10 高瑩;兒童福利社會(huì)化問題的調(diào)查研究[D];南京理工大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號(hào)：1678761