本文選題：民間借貸　切入點(diǎn)：案多人少　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：案多人少是當(dāng)前法院系統(tǒng)面臨的主要矛盾。它不僅導(dǎo)致司法總成本的不斷攀升,更嚴(yán)重阻礙著案件質(zhì)量的提升,司法目的的實(shí)現(xiàn)。解決這一矛盾的方法有兩種,一是增加辦案人員,但同時(shí)會(huì)增加司法成本,二是科學(xué)運(yùn)用現(xiàn)有司法資源降低案件數(shù)量,但前期會(huì)比較艱難。根據(jù)法律經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中成本最小化的原則,筆者認(rèn)為第二種方法更為科學(xué)。因?yàn)殡S案件增加人員不僅會(huì)導(dǎo)致司法成本無(wú)窮大,在案件數(shù)量減少是還會(huì)產(chǎn)生資源浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題。要想真正降低案件數(shù)量,就必須深入分析案件數(shù)量的現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況。筆者針對(duì)筆者所調(diào)研的基層法院近5年民間借貸案件進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)研究。筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),機(jī)會(huì)主義訴訟是導(dǎo)致民間借貸案件大量增加的主要原因。為此,筆者便開始了對(duì)機(jī)會(huì)主義訴訟的分析研究。第一部分筆者將分析筆者所調(diào)研的基層法院近5年民間借貸案件,并證明機(jī)會(huì)主義訴訟是導(dǎo)致案多的根本原因。債權(quán)人99.79%的高勝訴率說(shuō)明其與債務(wù)人之間的訴訟并無(wú)太大爭(zhēng)議;債權(quán)人59.69%的高讓步率說(shuō)明債務(wù)人的高獲利率;債務(wù)人再次被起訴則說(shuō)明債務(wù)人希望從訴訟中獲利。由此可知,債務(wù)人進(jìn)行訴訟的目的不是解決糾紛,而是為了獲取利益。這就是典型的機(jī)會(huì)主義訴訟。第二部分筆者將從機(jī)會(huì)主義的概念開始,從訴訟目的,行為實(shí)質(zhì)、行為手段三個(gè)方面闡明機(jī)會(huì)主義訴訟的概念。筆者認(rèn)為機(jī)會(huì)主義訴訟就是義務(wù)人為追求個(gè)人利益最大化,故意隱瞞、扭曲自身財(cái)產(chǎn)信息,違背誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則,等待或迫使權(quán)利人對(duì)自己提起的訴訟。第三部分筆者將分析機(jī)會(huì)主義訴訟的特點(diǎn)。除追求利益最大化外還具有只能義務(wù)人獲利,多存于調(diào)解案件,違背誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則等特點(diǎn)。第四部分是機(jī)會(huì)主義訴訟產(chǎn)生的原因。筆者將其歸結(jié)為利益至上的價(jià)值追求、征信系統(tǒng)不完善、司法權(quán)威喪失三個(gè)方面。第五部分是機(jī)會(huì)主義訴訟的防止。一是始終如一的裁判案件。二是解決執(zhí)行難,壓縮機(jī)會(huì)主義訴訟生存空間。三是提高拒不執(zhí)行判決罪的打擊概率,提高機(jī)會(huì)主義訴訟成本,降低預(yù)期收益。
[Abstract]:The main contradiction facing the current court system is that there are more and less cases. It not only leads to the rising of total judicial costs, but also seriously hinders the improvement of the quality of cases and the realization of judicial purposes. There are two ways to solve this contradiction. One is to increase the number of case handlers, but at the same time it will increase judicial costs. The other is to use existing judicial resources scientifically to reduce the number of cases, but in the early stage it will be more difficult. According to the principle of minimizing costs in law and economics, The author thinks that the second method is more scientific, because increasing the number of cases will not only lead to infinite judicial costs, but also lead to the waste of resources when the number of cases is reduced, if we want to really reduce the number of cases, It is necessary to analyze the actual situation of the number of cases in depth. The author conducts a special study on the private lending cases in the grassroots courts investigated by the author in the past five years. Opportunistic litigation is the main reason that leads to the large increase of private lending cases. Therefore, the author begins to analyze the opportunistic litigation. The first part will analyze the basic court cases of private lending in the past five years, which have been investigated by the author. It is proved that opportunistic litigation is the root cause of the large number of cases. The high rate of success of the creditor 99.79% shows that there is no great dispute between the creditor and the debtor, and the high concession rate of 59.69% of the creditor shows the high profit rate of the debtor. If the debtor is sued again, it shows that the debtor wishes to profit from the action. Therefore, the purpose of the debtor's litigation is not to resolve the dispute, This is the typical opportunistic litigation. The second part will begin with the concept of opportunism, from the purpose of litigation, from the nature of the act. This paper expounds the concept of opportunistic litigation from three aspects: the author thinks that opportunistic litigation is to pursue the maximization of personal interests, deliberately conceal, distort and violate the principle of good faith, to conceal and distort the information of one's own property, and to violate the principle of good faith. In the third part, the author will analyze the characteristics of opportunistic litigation. The fourth part is the cause of opportunism litigation. The author puts it down to the value pursuit of the first interest, the imperfect credit information system, and so on. The fifth part is the prevention of opportunistic litigation. One is consistent adjudication cases. The other is to solve the difficulty of execution and to reduce the living space of opportunistic litigation. The third is to improve the probability of attacking the crime of refusing to execute the judgment. Increase opportunistic litigation costs and reduce expected benefits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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