不當(dāng)?shù)美ㄖ械慕o付概念研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-27 14:14
本文選題：不當(dāng)?shù)美?/strong> 切入點(diǎn)：給付概念 出處：《南京大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文
【摘要】：不當(dāng)?shù)美ㄊ钦麄�(gè)民法中十分重要的一項(xiàng)法律制度。但在我國《民法通則》中,關(guān)于不當(dāng)?shù)美贫葍H有一條規(guī)定,而相關(guān)司法解釋也只有一條。因立法過于簡(jiǎn)陋,司法實(shí)務(wù)界對(duì)其理解不深,導(dǎo)致了實(shí)務(wù)裁判過程中,類似案件都會(huì)有不同的裁判觀點(diǎn)。在本文列舉的數(shù)個(gè)給付型不當(dāng)?shù)美咐?實(shí)務(wù)界對(duì)基本的給付概念就存在著不同的看法,從而產(chǎn)生了不同的裁判結(jié)果。所以本文就以列舉案例中的問題為線索,深入分析不當(dāng)?shù)美ㄖ械慕o付概念。從整個(gè)不當(dāng)?shù)美▉砜?雖然不當(dāng)?shù)美贫仁且豁?xiàng)古老的制度,但通過給付概念來對(duì)其進(jìn)行二元?jiǎng)澐值挠^點(diǎn)卻很晚才產(chǎn)生。在不當(dāng)?shù)美òl(fā)展過程中,學(xué)者們先是提煉了數(shù)量眾多的不當(dāng)?shù)美?qǐng)求權(quán),繼而理論上逐漸用一個(gè)一般條款來對(duì)不當(dāng)?shù)美ㄟM(jìn)行整合。到了20世紀(jì),威爾伯格和克默雷爾提出了非統(tǒng)一說,即以給付概念將不當(dāng)?shù)美麉^(qū)分為給付型不當(dāng)?shù)美头墙o付型不當(dāng)?shù)美＿@種觀點(diǎn)不僅使兩種類型的不當(dāng)?shù)美梢院兔穹ㄉ系钠渌贫认嚆暯?還可以在兩種類型下建構(gòu)具體的不當(dāng)?shù)美愋�。就此而�?給付概念對(duì)于不當(dāng)?shù)美贫染哂袠O為重要的價(jià)值。在債法領(lǐng)域,與給付相類似的概念還有給予、履行和清償。學(xué)者們往往對(duì)其區(qū)別看待,并提出了概念區(qū)分的理由。但本文認(rèn)為,除給予外,給付與履行、清償本質(zhì)上是一回事,只是觀察的角度略有不同。對(duì)于不當(dāng)?shù)美ㄖ薪o付概念的法律性質(zhì),學(xué)者提出了眾多的學(xué)說,比如法律行為說、事實(shí)行為說、折中說等,而法律行為說中還細(xì)分為契約說、單方行為說、契約或單方行為說。面對(duì)如此眾多的理論學(xué)說,本文對(duì)其中最為主要的兩個(gè)學(xué)說觀點(diǎn)—事實(shí)清償效果說和確定清償目的的單方行為說進(jìn)行了評(píng)判,著重分析了這兩個(gè)學(xué)說各自存在的缺陷。之后,本文認(rèn)為,在不當(dāng)?shù)美?給付概念應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持契約說的觀點(diǎn),并給出了相應(yīng)的理由。就在部分學(xué)者運(yùn)用給付概念來發(fā)展不當(dāng)?shù)美碚摰耐瑫r(shí),堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)一說觀點(diǎn)的學(xué)者也一直在批評(píng)給付概念存在著“概念法學(xué)”的傾向,德國最高法院的立場(chǎng)也時(shí)有變動(dòng),給付概念面臨著困境。本文認(rèn)為,對(duì)于不當(dāng)?shù)美ㄖ薪o付概念的困境,應(yīng)該從德國民法方法論中尋找答案。雖然概念法學(xué)自20世紀(jì)以來飽受學(xué)者們?cè)嵅?但我們同樣知道,概念法學(xué)創(chuàng)設(shè)的概念體系有助于法律體系的建立和司法實(shí)務(wù)界的適用,對(duì)于法律的穩(wěn)定性有很大的幫助。當(dāng)然,我們不否認(rèn)概念邏輯的操作有時(shí)是不符合案件的整體價(jià)值和社會(huì)正義的目標(biāo)。因此,在概念法學(xué)之后,利益法學(xué)派和價(jià)值法學(xué)派紛紛提出了相應(yīng)的解決辦法,以消除概念法學(xué)的弊病。然而,這兩大學(xué)派提出的觀點(diǎn)并沒有深厚理論工具的支撐,也沒有形成一套穩(wěn)定可靠的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文認(rèn)為,對(duì)于兩大學(xué)派提出的觀點(diǎn),應(yīng)該從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度進(jìn)行合理化論證。就給付概念而言,邏輯化的概念操作在不利于個(gè)案的公平正義時(shí),可以用信賴保護(hù)原則來處理具體的案例,在一些特殊的領(lǐng)域,甚至可以通過信賴保護(hù)原則發(fā)展出具體的法律制度。但是信賴保護(hù)原則的運(yùn)用及相應(yīng)制度的形成,必須通過經(jīng)濟(jì)分析來進(jìn)行理論說明,這是維護(hù)法律穩(wěn)定性的需要。
[Abstract]:The unjust enrichment law is a legal system is very important in the whole civil law. But in our country, "civil law", on the unjust enrichment system is only a requirement, and the relevant judicial explanation is only one. Because the legislation is too simple, the judicial practice of the understanding is not deep, resulting in the course of practice similar cases, will have a different point of view. The referee in a number of payment type of unjust enrichment in the case cited in this paper, the practice of the basic concept of payment there are different views, resulting in different judgment. So this paper enumerates the problems in the case as a clue, in-depth analysis of the unjust enrichment law the concept of payment from the unjust enrichment law, although the unjust enrichment system is an old system, but through the payment of two yuan to the concept of division of the view is very late. In the development process of the unjust enrichment method, The scholars first refined a number of unjust enrichment claim, then the theory gradually with a general clause to integrate the unjust enrichment method. By twentieth Century, Wilberg and Caemmerer put forward non unity, namely to pay concept of dividing unjust enrichment into payment and non payment unjust enrichment. This view not only makes two types of unjust enrichment and other civil law system convergence, but also construct specific types of unjust enrichment in two types. With regard to payment, the concept is extremely important to the system of unjust enrichment. In the law of obligation, similar to the concept of payment and performance, and settlement. Scholars tend to see the difference, and put forward the concept of distinguishing reason. But this article believes that, in addition to payment and settlement, performance, essence is one thing, just observe the 瑙掑害鐣ユ湁涓嶅悓.瀵逛簬涓嶅綋寰楀埄娉曚腑緇欎粯姒傚康鐨勬硶寰嬫，
本文編號(hào)：1671861
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/falvlunwen/minfalunwen/1671861.html
最近更新
教材專著
