本文選題：商標(biāo)共存　切入點(diǎn)：混淆性侵權(quán)認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：商標(biāo)共存是指不同權(quán)利主體將相同或相似商標(biāo)在相同或相似的商品或服務(wù)上善意注冊(cè)或使用，不致使相關(guān)公眾有混淆誤認(rèn)的可能性，且不違反法律規(guī)定的情形。在商品經(jīng)濟(jì)日益發(fā)達(dá)的今天，大部分外國(guó)國(guó)家對(duì)商標(biāo)共存適用活躍，我國(guó)對(duì)商標(biāo)共存的態(tài)度也經(jīng)歷了從完全不承認(rèn)到僅承認(rèn)商標(biāo)先用權(quán)一種情形的轉(zhuǎn)變，但是仍然無法滿足司法實(shí)踐和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活對(duì)法律依據(jù)和公平正義的需求。本文大量運(yùn)用案例研究、比較研究等方法，主要解決了兩大問題：一是產(chǎn)生于不同法律背景的美國(guó)之商標(biāo)共存制度為什么可以在中國(guó)適用；二是商標(biāo)怎樣才能共存以及怎么更好地共存。 第一章除了闡述商標(biāo)共存的概念、分類等要素外，重點(diǎn)從正反面、主客觀方面探討了商標(biāo)共存的合情合理性。商標(biāo)共存既是商標(biāo)本身識(shí)別功能、商標(biāo)私權(quán)性等的反推結(jié)果，，又源于商標(biāo)資源稀缺性和人類思維的相似性、商業(yè)成功規(guī)則和商標(biāo)注冊(cè)程序等因素。既與《商標(biāo)法》確定的混淆性侵權(quán)認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)保持高度統(tǒng)一，也與誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則、侵權(quán)一般歸責(zé)原則的精神內(nèi)核相契合。雖然當(dāng)前商標(biāo)合法共存存在一些制度和觀念上的障礙，如注冊(cè)商標(biāo)應(yīng)予絕對(duì)保護(hù)，近似即侵權(quán)，社會(huì)公共利益論，但也不能因噎廢食，應(yīng)加以克服。 第二章主要明確商標(biāo)共存適用界限、條件和主要具體情形。商標(biāo)共存如果適用不當(dāng)，可能造成消費(fèi)者混淆或權(quán)利人之間不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)等的后果。因此，共存的兩個(gè)商標(biāo)除存在兩個(gè)權(quán)利人外，必須滿足權(quán)利人善意和不會(huì)造成混淆兩個(gè)要件，尤其是不混淆要件要通過商標(biāo)的顯著性、主觀意圖、實(shí)際使用等多維因素認(rèn)定。除此以外，商標(biāo)共存還要受特殊行業(yè)和商品、共存后應(yīng)規(guī)范使用、必要時(shí)附加區(qū)別性標(biāo)記的限制。商標(biāo)共存不僅適用于商標(biāo)先用權(quán)，還應(yīng)適用于商標(biāo)共存協(xié)議、商標(biāo)審查機(jī)關(guān)疏忽等情形。其中商標(biāo)共存協(xié)議的效力不僅應(yīng)得到承認(rèn)，相關(guān)部門也要對(duì)規(guī)范地簽訂商標(biāo)公布協(xié)議予以宣傳引導(dǎo)。 第三章針對(duì)我國(guó)立法和司法現(xiàn)狀提出建設(shè)商標(biāo)共存制度的建議。當(dāng)前立法并不能滿足實(shí)踐需要，且修正的商標(biāo)侵權(quán)認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)際上與混淆性核心精神也有出入，法律專業(yè)人士仍存在近似即侵權(quán)的認(rèn)識(shí)殘余，法院判決差異較大。要建立完善的商標(biāo)共存制度以及更好地適用該制度，需要各部門的協(xié)調(diào)。例如立法部門應(yīng)糾正當(dāng)前的混淆性侵權(quán)認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的偏差，明確規(guī)定商標(biāo)共存適用的條件和情形，建設(shè)包括區(qū)別性標(biāo)記、撤銷權(quán)制度在內(nèi)的商標(biāo)共存配套制度；司法和執(zhí)法部門應(yīng)統(tǒng)一對(duì)近似商標(biāo)的認(rèn)識(shí)，加強(qiáng)對(duì)商標(biāo)共存協(xié)議的引導(dǎo)和規(guī)范。
[Abstract]:The coexistence of trademarks refers to the registration or use of the same or similar trademarks on the same or similar goods or services by different rights subjects in good faith, so as not to cause the relevant public to be confused and mistaken. And it does not violate the provisions of the law. Today, when the commodity economy is increasingly developed, most foreign countries are active in the coexistence and application of trademarks. China's attitude towards trademark coexistence has also undergone a change from total non-recognition to recognition of trademark prior use rights. However, it is still unable to meet the needs of judicial practice and real life for legal basis and fairness and justice. In this paper, a large number of case studies, comparative studies, and other methods are used. Two major problems have been solved: one is why the trademark coexistence system in the United States which originated from different legal backgrounds can be applied in China; the other is how the trademark can coexist and how to coexist better. The first chapter not only elaborates the concept and classification of trademark coexistence, but also discusses the rationality and rationality of trademark coexistence from positive and negative aspects, subjective and objective aspects. Trademark coexistence is not only the function of trademark itself identification, but also the result of trademark private right. It also stems from the scarcity of trademark resources and the similarity of human thinking, the rules of commercial success and the procedure of trademark registration. It maintains a high degree of unity with the criteria for the identification of confusion infringement established by the Trademark Law, and also with the principle of good faith. Although there are some institutional and conceptual obstacles to the legal coexistence of trademarks, such as the absolute protection of registered trademarks, which is similar to infringement, and the theory of social and public interests, we should not stop eating because of the fact that the trademark is legally co-existing with each other. It should be overcome. The second chapter mainly clarifies the limits, conditions and main specific circumstances of trademark coexistence. If trademark coexistence is not applied properly, it may lead to confusion among consumers or unfair competition between the right holders and so on. In addition to the existence of two rights holders, the coexistence of the two trademarks must satisfy the two elements of the obligee's goodwill and not cause confusion, especially that the non-obfuscation elements should be achieved through the trademark's salience and subjective intention. In addition, the coexistence of trademarks is subject to special industries and commodities, which should be standardized and, if necessary, subject to the restrictions of distinguishing marks. The coexistence of trademarks not only applies to the right of trademark prior use, It should also be applied to the coexistence agreement of trademark, the negligence of trademark examination authority, and so on, in which the validity of trademark coexistence agreement should not only be recognized, but also the relevant departments should publicize and guide the signing of trademark publication agreement. The third chapter puts forward some suggestions on the establishment of trademark coexistence system in view of the current situation of legislation and judicature in China. The current legislation cannot meet the needs of practice, and the revised standards of trademark infringement are actually different from the core spirit of confusion. Legal professionals still have the vestiges of the knowledge of similar infringement, and the court decisions differ greatly. To establish a perfect trademark coexistence system and to better apply the system, For example, the legislature should correct the deviation of the current standards for the identification of confused infringement, clearly define the conditions and circumstances applicable to the coexistence of trademarks, and build, including distinguishing marks, The judicial and law enforcement departments should unify the understanding of the similar trademark and strengthen the guidance and standardization of the trademark coexistence agreement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D923.43

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