本文選題：不安全食品致害侵權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：法律界定　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：工業(yè)化大生產(chǎn)以來,食品安全問題受到嚴(yán)重影響,食品添加劑的濫用、有毒有害物質(zhì)的添加,使得食品的不安全因素增加。因此,許多國(guó)家都開始重視食品安全問題,通過出臺(tái)相關(guān)法律法規(guī)、加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管等方式處理食品安全問題。我國(guó)同樣對(duì)食品安全問題予以高度關(guān)注,當(dāng)前我國(guó)的食品安全現(xiàn)狀并不樂觀,不安全食品致害侵權(quán)事故頻發(fā),成為了社會(huì)普遍關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。尤其是近幾年來我國(guó)接二連三的發(fā)生與食品安全有關(guān)的不安全食品致害侵權(quán)事件,不安全食品致害侵權(quán)事件的數(shù)量逐年增加,其中影響最大的當(dāng)屬震驚全國(guó)的“三鹿奶粉事件”。此外,我國(guó)不安全食品致害侵權(quán)的民事救濟(jì)制度有所欠缺,受害人在遭受不安全食品致害侵權(quán)的行為后,由于法律制度的不健全,受害人維權(quán)困難,損害難以得到及時(shí)的賠償。本文將重點(diǎn)論述不安全食品致害侵權(quán)的民事救濟(jì)制度,首先詳細(xì)闡述不安全食品的概念和認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),總結(jié)不安全食品致害侵權(quán)的特征,并分別論述各類侵權(quán)行為的法律界定,從一般侵權(quán)行為和特殊侵權(quán)行為入手,簡(jiǎn)述侵權(quán)行為構(gòu)成的理論,因?yàn)椴话踩称分潞η謾?quán)行為是產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)行為的一種,對(duì)屬概念的闡釋有助于對(duì)種概念的認(rèn)知。重點(diǎn)從不安全食品致害侵權(quán)的構(gòu)成要件、歸責(zé)原則、免責(zé)事由等方面進(jìn)行闡釋,明確不安全食品致害侵權(quán)的法律界定。其次重點(diǎn)闡述我國(guó)不安全食品致害侵權(quán)責(zé)任制度的現(xiàn)狀及存在的主要問題。我國(guó)對(duì)于不安全食品致害侵權(quán)的相關(guān)立法不盡完善,重刑(行)輕民的立法理念未得到根本轉(zhuǎn)變,相關(guān)法律法規(guī)出現(xiàn)競(jìng)合時(shí)法院審判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一,司法救濟(jì)不足,損害賠償無保障。最后通過比較研究美國(guó)和歐盟關(guān)于不安全食品致害侵權(quán)的民事救濟(jì)制度,來完善我國(guó)不安全食品致害侵權(quán)的民事救濟(jì),主要包括明確不安全食品致害侵權(quán)的歸責(zé)原則和免責(zé)事由,通過借鑒美國(guó)和歐盟關(guān)于精神損害賠償?shù)南嚓P(guān)制度,完善我國(guó)不安全食品致害侵權(quán)行為中對(duì)于未造成實(shí)際損害的情況下,受害人也可依據(jù)精神損害賠償制度要求索賠。此外,針對(duì)我國(guó)在食品安全法律法規(guī)方面存在的問題,通過借鑒美國(guó)的市場(chǎng)份額制度和醫(yī)療費(fèi)用檢查制度,完善我國(guó)不安全食品致害侵權(quán)的相關(guān)立法。
[Abstract]:Since the industrial production, food safety issues have been seriously affected, the abuse of food additives, add toxic and harmful substances, so that food insecurity is increased. Therefore, many countries have begun to attach importance to food safety issues, through the introduction of relevant laws and regulations, strengthen supervision and other ways of dealing with food safety issues. China is also to be highly concerned about the food safety problem, the current food safety situation in China is not optimistic, and frequent accidents caused by infringement of unsafe food, has become the focus of widespread concern. Especially in recent years, China's two pick three and the occurrence of food safety related food safety tort incidents, unsafe food harm caused by the number of the piracy has increased year by year, the greatest impact is the shock of the "Sanlu milk powder". In addition, not our country's food safety tort civil relief system What is lacking, the victim suffered food safety tort behavior, because the legal system is not perfect, the victim rights difficult, difficult to get timely compensation for damages. This paper will focus on food safety tort civil relief system, first elaborated the concept of food safety and standards, and summarize the infringement the characteristics caused by unsafe food, and discusses the definition of tort law, starting from the general tort and special tort, constitute the tort theory, because of an unsafe food damage caused by the infringement is infringement, contribute to the concept of a cognitive interpretation of the concept of harm caused by infringement. Never focus on food safety, the principle of imputation, interpretation of exemptions, clear food safety tort legal definition. Secondly focuses on me The status quo and the tort liability system of the country caused by unsafe food and the main problems in our country. Relevant legislation of tort caused by imperfect unsafe food, "(line) Legislative Idea light people has not been a fundamental change in the relevant laws and regulations, the emergence of competing standards is not a trial court, judicial remedy damages without security. Finally, through the comparative study on food safety tort civil relief system in the United States and the European Union, and to perfect the civil remedy caused by unsafe food in China, mainly including the imputation principle of clear unsafe food damage caused by the infringement and exemptions, by referring to relevant system of the United States and the European Union on compensation for mental damage, the damage caused by the infringement is not perfect in our country's food safety does not cause actual damage, the victim can also be based on the system of compensation for spiritual damages claim. In addition, the needle To solve the problems of food safety laws and regulations in China, we should draw lessons from the US market share system and the medical expense inspection system, so as to perfect the related legislation of the unsafe food infringement.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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本文編號(hào)：1611166