本文選題：藥品專利　切入點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)制許可　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：專利權(quán)是知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法中所規(guī)定的一種私權(quán)利,權(quán)利創(chuàng)設(shè)的目的在于保護(hù)專利權(quán)人的合法權(quán)益,鼓勵(lì)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造,促進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)進(jìn)步和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展。而藥品是一種特殊的商品,消費(fèi)者使用藥品的目的在于預(yù)防、診斷、治療、減輕或者祛除疾病。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的不斷發(fā)展與深入,商品競爭日趨激烈,知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)也日益得到加強(qiáng),各個(gè)國家和地區(qū)開始重視知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù),將藥品納入專利法保護(hù)的客體有其存在的必然性。然健康權(quán)與生命權(quán)是人生存所不可或缺的基本權(quán)利,人們利用藥品祛除、預(yù)防疾病,保障身體健康和延長生命,而藥品獲得專利保護(hù)后勢(shì)必會(huì)價(jià)格上漲、縮小人們獲取藥品的途徑,降低藥品可及性。我國法律設(shè)置強(qiáng)制許可制度的目的就是為了防止專利權(quán)人濫用權(quán)利,提高科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展水平,最大的平衡專利權(quán)人與社會(huì)公眾之間的利益沖突,促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧與穩(wěn)定。本文以藥品專利的強(qiáng)制許可為主題,分別從五個(gè)方面展開論述：第一部分以藥品專利的概念入手,介紹了藥品專利的分類和特點(diǎn),結(jié)合我國專利法對(duì)專利取得實(shí)體要件的相關(guān)規(guī)定,詳細(xì)分析了藥品專利取得的實(shí)體要件。第二部分闡述了藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可的概念、性質(zhì)及我國實(shí)行藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,依據(jù)法律中強(qiáng)制許可的規(guī)范內(nèi)容并借鑒知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)學(xué)者的論述,總結(jié)出我國藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可的法定類型及其實(shí)施條件,并在此基礎(chǔ)上介紹了我國藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可的實(shí)施程序。第三部分為我國能合法、合理的實(shí)施藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可從具有國際法及國內(nèi)法依據(jù)、保障人權(quán)、提高藥品可及性三個(gè)方面提供了正當(dāng)性依據(jù)。第四部分分別介紹了外國在三種實(shí)施強(qiáng)制許可法定類型下的具體實(shí)踐案例,對(duì)這些國家能成功實(shí)施藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可進(jìn)行總結(jié)分析,歸納出相通的地方,為我國此制度日后的理論完善與法律實(shí)踐提供寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)。第五部分以我國藥品專利實(shí)施強(qiáng)制許可的具體案例著手,分析了白云山版Tamifle的實(shí)施情況及未成功實(shí)施的原因,立足我國國情及法律的規(guī)定,對(duì)我國藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可制度從立法角度提出一些完善建議,望能使我國藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可法律體系更加完備,具有可操作性,切實(shí)的改善和提高人民的健康和生命。
[Abstract]:Patent right is a private right stipulated in intellectual property Law. The purpose of the right is to protect the patentee's legitimate rights and interests, to encourage invention and creation, to promote scientific and technological progress and economic and social development. Consumers use drugs to prevent, diagnose, treat, alleviate or eliminate diseases. With the continuous development and deepening of economic globalization, the competition for goods is becoming increasingly fierce, and the protection of intellectual property rights is increasingly strengthened. All countries and regions begin to attach importance to the protection of intellectual property rights, and the object protected by patent law has its own inevitability. However, the right to health and the right to life are essential basic rights for human survival, and people use drugs to remove them. To prevent disease, to safeguard health and to prolong life, and when medicines are patented, the price is bound to rise, narrowing people's access to medicines. The purpose of the compulsory licensing system in our country's laws is to prevent patentees from abusing their rights, to improve the level of development of science and technology, and to maximize the balance between the interests of the patentee and the public. To promote social harmony and stability, this paper discusses the compulsory licensing of drug patents from five aspects: the first part introduces the classification and characteristics of drug patents, starting with the concept of drug patents. In combination with the relevant provisions of the patent law of our country on the substantive requirements of patent acquisition, this paper analyzes in detail the substantive requirements for obtaining pharmaceutical patents. The second part expounds the concept of compulsory licensing of drug patents. On the basis of the normative content of compulsory licensing in law and the discussion of intellectual property rights scholars, this paper summarizes the legal types and conditions of compulsory drug patent licensing in China. The third part is the legal and reasonable implementation of drug patent compulsory licensing in China, which has the basis of international law and domestic law to protect human rights. The 4th part introduces the specific practice cases of foreign countries under the three types of compulsory licensing. To sum up and analyze the successful implementation of compulsory licensing of drug patents in these countries, and to sum up the places that are in common with each other. This paper provides valuable experience for the future theoretical improvement and legal practice of this system in China. Part 5th begins with the specific cases of compulsory licensing of drug patents in China, and analyzes the implementation of Baiyun Mountain version of Tamifle and the reasons for its unsuccessful implementation. Based on the situation of our country and the provisions of the law, this paper puts forward some perfect suggestions on the compulsory licensing system of drug patent in our country from the angle of legislation, hoping to make the legal system of compulsory licensing of drug patents more complete and operable in our country. Effectively improve and improve people's health and life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923.42

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