本文選題：地役權(quán)　切入點：人役權(quán)　出處：《新疆師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：地役權(quán)是一項歷史悠久的物權(quán)制度,起源于古羅馬時期,它依附于所有權(quán),它的出現(xiàn),為后來出現(xiàn)的各種他物權(quán)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。在很長一段時期內(nèi),地役權(quán)是唯一存在的他物權(quán)形式。地役權(quán)在整個用益物權(quán)體系中,有著極其重要的位置,其適用領(lǐng)域既獨特又廣泛,對用益物權(quán)的發(fā)展與演變起著推動性的作用。但隨著地上權(quán)、永佃權(quán)等權(quán)利的先后出現(xiàn)與發(fā)展,地役權(quán)的作用與剛出現(xiàn)時相比越來越小,其地位大不如從前,降為一種平凡的他物權(quán),與其他用益物權(quán)并駕齊驅(qū)。然而地役權(quán)具有相當大程度上的意思自治范圍,可填補土地、建筑等法律法規(guī)在實踐環(huán)節(jié)與操作中的遺漏與爭議,調(diào)整相鄰關(guān)系,促進環(huán)境保護和規(guī)范競爭秩序,以及最大力度地合理利用土地資源等。我國《物權(quán)法》于2007年3月16日頒布,并以14個法律條文對地役權(quán)的定義、地役權(quán)的設(shè)立、地役權(quán)的期限、地役權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)讓、地役權(quán)的解除消滅作出了簡約的規(guī)定。地役權(quán)在《物權(quán)法》中的明確規(guī)定,在我國立法歷史上具有極其重要的里程碑意義,由此可見,現(xiàn)代社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展十分離不開地役權(quán)的有力支持。本文圍繞地役權(quán)這一主題,運用比較分析、案例研究、歷史分析等方法,從地役權(quán)的概念著手,對地役權(quán)的起源、特征、種類等基本問題進行梳理辨析與探討,并結(jié)合對國內(nèi)外相關(guān)立法制度的比較分析與反思,提出完善建議。正文分為四個部分。第一部分,地役權(quán)的概述。本部分對地役權(quán)的定義、特征入手,對地役權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)性概念作了初步的介紹。接著追溯至古羅馬時期即地役權(quán)產(chǎn)生的時期,介紹了地役權(quán)產(chǎn)生的歷史背景與社會形態(tài),以及其從古至今的演變與發(fā)展,并例舉了各國立法上的分類與我國理論界的分類。第二部分,地役權(quán)與其他相關(guān)權(quán)利的聯(lián)系與比較。本部分將地役權(quán)分別與所有權(quán)、人役權(quán)、相鄰關(guān)系在本質(zhì)與特征方面進行了對比,既有相似之處也有許多不同,并從中總結(jié)歸納,論證我國地役權(quán)制度存在的重要意義與價值。第三部分,我國地役權(quán)的現(xiàn)行立法及存在的問題。本部分主要介紹了我國地役權(quán)的現(xiàn)行立法,包括地役權(quán)的取得與地役權(quán)登記;同時也提出了地役權(quán)制度存在的問題與不足,包括地役權(quán)主體范圍過小、內(nèi)容過于簡單,以及登記過程中的缺陷等問題。第四部分,關(guān)于完善我國地役權(quán)制度的若干建議。本部分主要對上部分存在的問題提出建議與對策,首先是擴大地役權(quán)主體的范圍、豐富地役權(quán)內(nèi)容,其次是明確地役權(quán)登記的機關(guān)、對地役權(quán)內(nèi)容進行分類,再次增設(shè)地役權(quán)人的物上請求權(quán),綜上來完善地役權(quán),以求適應社會的需求。
[Abstract]:Easement is a system of real right with a long history, which originated in the ancient Roman period and attached to ownership. Its appearance laid the foundation for various kinds of other property rights that appeared later. Easement is the only form of other real right in existence. Easement plays an extremely important role in the whole system of usufruct, and its application field is unique and extensive. But with the emergence and development of the rights such as aboveground right, permanent tenancy right and so on, the function of easement is becoming smaller and smaller than when it first appeared, and its status is not as good as before. The easement, however, has a considerable degree of autonomy of will, which can fill the omission and dispute in practice and operation of laws and regulations, such as land, construction, etc. Adjusting the neighboring relations, promoting the environmental protection and standardizing the competitive order, and making the most efforts to make rational use of the land resources, etc. Our country's Real right Law was promulgated in March 16th 2007, and the easement is defined by 14 legal articles. The establishment of easement, the duration of easement, the transfer of easement and the cancellation of easement have made a simple stipulation. The explicit stipulation of easement in the "property Law" has very important milestone significance in the legislative history of our country. It can be seen that modern social and economic development is inseparable from the strong support of easement. This paper focuses on the theme of easement, using comparative analysis, case study, historical analysis and other methods, starting from the concept of easement, the origin of easement. Characteristics, categories and other basic issues are combed and analyzed, and combined with the comparative analysis and reflection of the relevant legislative systems at home and abroad, some suggestions are put forward. The text is divided into four parts. The first part, This part begins with the definition and characteristics of easement, and makes a preliminary introduction to the basic concept of easement. This paper introduces the historical background and social formation of easement, its evolution and development from ancient to present, and gives examples of the classification in legislation of various countries and in the theoretical circle of our country. This part compares easement with ownership, personal servitude and adjacent relationship in essence and characteristics. The third part, the current legislation and problems of easement in China. This part mainly introduces the current legislation of easement in our country, including the acquisition and registration of easements. At the same time, it also puts forward the problems and shortcomings of easement system, including the scope of easement is too small, the content is too simple, and the defects in the registration process. Part 4th, Some suggestions on perfecting the easement system of our country. This part mainly puts forward suggestions and countermeasures to the problems existing in the above part. Firstly, it expands the scope of the subject of easement, enriches the content of easement, and then clarifies the organ of easement registration. The content of easement is classified and the right of the easement is added again to improve the easement in order to meet the needs of the society.
【學位授予單位】：新疆師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.2

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本文編號：1561863